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Movement > Elbow > Flashcards

Elbow Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 articulations make up the elbow joint?

A
  • HUMERO-ULNAR (trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna)
  • Humero-radial (capitulum of humerus, and upper surface of radial head)
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2
Q

What reinforces the elbow capsule?

A

Laterally - radial collateral ligament
Medially - ulnar collateral ligament
(Thin post/ant - allows flexion/extension)

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3
Q

What type of dislocation of the elbow occurs 80-90% of the time?

A

Posterior.

-humerus goes ant, radius and ulnar project post

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4
Q

What are the 2 main causes of posterior dislocation of the elbow?

A

FOOSH -elbow flexed

-Hyperextension

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5
Q

What are 3 findings with post elbow dislocation?

A
  • Ulnar collateral ligament torn
  • Fractures to radial head, coronoid procees & olecranon process
  • Ulnar nerve injury
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6
Q

Where does the ulnar nerve pass in the elbow joint?

A

Between the olecranon process(ulnar) and medial epicondyle(humerus)

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7
Q

What muscle in the wrist is supplies by the ulnar nerve?

A

FCU

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8
Q

What is the sensory supply of the ulnar nerve?

A

Med palm & med 1 1/2 digits

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9
Q

What are symptoms of ulnar nerve damage?

A
  • Numb med palm and 1 1/2 digits

- Weak flexion and adduction of the wrist

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10
Q

What is the difference between a simple and comple elbow dislocation?

A

Simple - normally ligamentous, not bone fracture

Complex - associated with bone fracture

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11
Q

What normally prevent hyperextension at elbow?

A

Olecranon contact with olecranon fossa.

NB. some people have olcranon FORAMEN - can hyperextend elbow

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12
Q

What are the 3 flexors of the elbow joint?

A
  • brachialis
  • biceps brachii
  • brachioradialis (when forearm is mid-pronated)
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13
Q

What is the extensor at the elbow?

A

Triceps brachii

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14
Q

Why is brachioradialis unusual?

A

Classified as extensor compartment, but passes ant to elbow

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15
Q

What is the origin of triceps brachii? (3)

A

Long head - infraglenoid tubercle on the scapula
Lateral head - Posterolateral humerus above spinal groove
Medial head - posteromedial humerus below spinal groove

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16
Q

What is the common insertion of triceps brachii?

A

Olecranon process (ulna)

17
Q

Innervation of triceps brachii?

A

Radial nerve (C5-T1)

18
Q

What is the olecranon bursa?

A

Synovial fluid sac around olecranon process

19
Q

What is bursitis of the elbow and what causes it?

A

Inflammation of olecranon bursa.

-Excess repeated pressure/friction

20
Q

What is the annular ligament?

A

Wraps around head of radius - allows rotation of humerus (pronation/supination)
-NB. weak in childhood - more likely to dislocate

21
Q

What is ‘nursemaids’/pulled elbow syndrome?

A

Dislocation of radius laterally due to biceps brachii. Common in children (parents swinging arms).

22
Q

What is the proximal radioulnar joint and where is it located?

A

Articulation between radius head and radial notch (ulnar).

-located in elbow capsule

23
Q

What are the movements of the prox radio-ulnar joint?

A

Pronation/supination

24
Q

What happens to the radial tuberosity during pronation?

A

Moves from med to lat

25
Q

What 2 muscles contract to move the forearm from the supinated to pronated position, and what nerve innervates them?

A
  • Pronator teres
  • Pronator quadratus

Innervated by median nerve

26
Q

Which 2 muscles contract to move the forearm from the pronated to suppinated position and what nerves innervate them?

A
  • Supinator
  • Biceps brachii

Innervated by radial nerve/musculocutaneous

27
Q

What is the 1* function of biceps?

A

Supination (arm)

28
Q

What is golfer’s elbow?

A

Flexor tendon inflammation at med epicondyle

29
Q

What is tennis elbow?

A

Flexor tendon inflammation at lat epicondyle

Treatment; coritcosteroid injection

30
Q

What is avulsion of the medial epicondyle?

What is a big risk involved?

A

Medial epicondyle is pulled out of position.

  • Med epicondyle ossifies separate to humerus
  • Risk; ulnar nerve stretching
31
Q

What is a common humeral fracture in the elderly? What nerve is often damaged?

A

Fracture to surgical neck.

-Axillary nerve as it wraps around the surgical neck (test deltoid function and badge area sensation)

32
Q

What commonly occurs in a humeral shaft fracture and what is the possible nerve damage associated?

A

Bone fractures along radial groove, then deltoid pulls it laterally.
Radial nerve may be damaged (>wrist extensor paralysed)

33
Q

What is a supracondylar fracture of the humerus?

A

Fracture just above condylar; humerus pushed anteriorly.

Common in chiildren.

34
Q

Which vessels and nerves are at risk of damage in a supracondylar fracture?

A

Median nerve and brachial artery (anterior to humerus).

-hand goes blue (necrosis risk)

35
Q

What are the 4 wrist flexor muscles?

A
  • pronator teres
  • FCR
  • palmaris longus
  • FCU

Movement (12 decks)

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