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Cell Biology > Haematology > Flashcards

Haematology Flashcards

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1
Q

What are Leucocytes

A

White blood cells

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2
Q

What are granulocytes

A

Granulated cells/nucleus

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3
Q

Describe Neutrophils

A

Multilobed Nucleus, Large cells, most common leucocytes

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4
Q

Neutrophils function

A

Bacterial Infection and acute response to infection

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5
Q

Describe Eosinophils

A

2-3 Lobes, Large cells, small component of leucocyte count, pink and red granules

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6
Q

Eosinophils function

A

Parasitic infection, Allergies, auto-immune conditions

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7
Q

Describe basophils

A

Large blue granules (nucleus)(obscure a bi-lobed nucleus), smaller cells, least common leucocyte

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8
Q

basophils function

A

Allergic conditions

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9
Q

Describe Monocytes

A

Indented/horeshoe nucleus, largest leucocyte and second rarest leucocyte-not granulated

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10
Q

Monocytes function

A

Increases in inflammatory states, migrate out of blood stream to form tissue macrophages which phagocytose dead cells and debris

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11
Q

Describe Lymphocytes

A

Large nucleus minimal cytoplasm, Large cells second most common leucocyte- not granulated

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12
Q

Lymphocytes function

A

Viral infections and any inflammatory condition

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13
Q

Describe features of Erythrocytes

A

No nucleus, Biconcave, medium sized, background of blood smear

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14
Q

Erythrocytes function

A

Transport of oxygen and nutrients and return of waste, levels are low in blood loss and anaemia, levels increased when dehydrated

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15
Q

Describe Thrombocytes

A

Platelets, small fragment of the cytoplasm of another cell; megakaryocyte

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16
Q

Thrombocytes function

A

vital role in haemostasis, can easily clump on blood smears causing falsely decreased counts

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17
Q

Plasma blood volume

A

55%

18
Q

Name Cell adaptations

A

Hypertrophy, Hyperplasia, Atrophy, Metaplasia,

19
Q

What is not a cell adaption and why

A

Dysplasia as it disorderly growth which is uncontrolled so not an adaption

20
Q

Define Atrophy

A

decreased cell size

21
Q

Define Hypertrophy

A

increased cell size

22
Q

Define Hyperplasia

A

increased cell number

23
Q

Define Metaplasia

A

conversion of one cell type to another

24
Q

Reason for hypertrophy

A

increase in size of cells leading to enlargement of organ, muscles cells following an exercise

25
Q

Reason for Atrophy

A

reduced demand, inadequate nutrients or other adverse conditions, muscle atrophy due to disuse as result of prolonged immobility

26
Q

Reason for metaplasia

A

Chronic irritation and inflammation, replacement of ciliated columnar epithelial cells in the respiratory tract with squamous cells due to smoking

27
Q

Describe cellular degeneration

A

Pathological changes that results in structural and functional change of cells

28
Q

Describe cell death

A

When cells cannnot adapt to stress or injury

29
Q

Types of cell death

A

Necrosis, apoptosis

30
Q

Reason of necrosis

A

Injury, unregulated death

31
Q

Reason of Apoptosis

A

programmed cell death

32
Q

Stages of cell repair

A

Inflammation, Regeneration, Remodeling, Fibrosis

33
Q

Define inflammation

A

Recruitment of immune cells to the site of damage to clear debris and begin repair process

34
Q

Define Regeneration

A

Cells can proliferate to replace lost cells to restore original structure and function

35
Q

Define Remodeling

A

tissue undergoes remodeling to reorganize newley formed scare tissue and strengthened to restore function

36
Q

Define Fibrosis

A

where regeneration is not feasible, body repairs damage by forming scare tissue which restores integrity in tissue but not restored to full function

37
Q

Types of necrosis

A

Coagulative, liquefication, caseous, fat, fibrinoid, gangrenous

38
Q

Symptoms of necrosis

A

pain, discoloration, swelling, skin changes

39
Q

Look at slides on necrosis vs apoptosis

A

Look at slides on necrosis vs apoptosis

40
Q

Types of cell degeneration

A

reversible and irreversible

Cell Biology (7 decks)

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