Cell Communication Flashcards
What is Autocrine
Sends signal/ligand to self
What is juxtacrine/epicrine
Sends signal/ligand to neighbouring cell by gap junction
What is Paracrine
Sends signal/ligand through extracellular fluid to nearby cell
What is endocrine
Sends signal through blood
What is Exocrine
Secreted signal through ducts
What is a Ligand
Something that can trigger a response
What type of Ligands pass through cell membranes
Lipophilic Ligands
Where are intracellular receptors (specifically)
Cytoplasm, nucleus membrane, in the nucleus
Do intracellular receptors or surface receptors have a quicker response
surface receptors as intracellular are slow
What are the three stages of signal transduction
Reception, Transduction, repsonse
Define reception (cell signalling)
Detects an external signal
Define Transduction (cell signalling)
Passing on a signal via secondary messengers
Steps for Transduction
Amplification, Proteins, 2nd messengers
What is a second messenger
Small, Non protein molecules that pass along a signal initiated by the first messenger binding to the receptor
How can responses vary
cell type, nature of signal, receptor involved
What are cellular events
Processes and responses within a cell regulated by transmission of signal from outside the cell to intracellular targets
What type of signalling do heart muscles use
juxtacrine
What is neuronal signaling
Neurones and synapses
Forms of local cell communication
Autocrine, juxtacrine, paracrine, endocrine,
Forms of distant cell communication
Neuronal (synaptic) signaling
Structural characteristics of cytokines
Soluble protein, disulfide bonds(bridges), Alphal helical core structure, Glycosylation some are glycoprotein meaning they have sugar molecules attached affecting interactions with receptors
What are cytokines
Unique cell signaling molecule
What cell signalling can cytokines not do
juxtacrine, neuronal
What is pleiotropy(cytokines)
Cytokine that has different biological effects on different target cells
