Cell Cycle Flashcards
Name the segments in the cell cycle
G1,S,G2,G0, Mitosis
Name the 3 key stages of regulation in cell cycle
G1 checkpoint, G2 checkpoint, M checkpoint
How does p53 regulate cell cycle
p53 halts cell cycle and recruits enzymes to repair DNA and if cant be repaired the p53 trigger apoptosis
What happens with mutated p53
cell cycle continues and cells can become cancerous
What happens in G1 phase
normal cell growth and function- the role of the cell in an organism is fulfilled in this phase
What happens in S(synthesis) phase
DNA is unwound and replicated in preparation for division
What happens in G2 phase
Cell growth in preparation for mitosis. Mass of the cell and number of organelles must almost double
What happens in prophase mitosis
DNA coils into chromosome, tightly coiled
DNA is visible to light microscope
nuclear membrane starts to breaks down
What happens in metaphase mitosis
Microtubules bind to centromeres of chromosomes
What happens in anaphase mitosis
sister chromatids are pulled apart each moving toward a new daughter cell
What happens in telophase mitosis
reverse of prophase
new nuclear membrane forms and cytokinesis begins
Key features of Interphase
Homogenously granular nucleus
distinct nuclear envelope
nucleolus may be observed
Key features in prophase
Intact nuclear boundary
chromatin condensed into chromosomes
nuclei may or may not be visible
chromosomes condensed
Key features in metaphase
Nuclear boundary and nucleolus not seen
Chromosomes thick and arranged at equatorial plate
chromosomes thick and may be able to make out separate chromatids
Key features of anaphase
Chromatid separation seen
Chromatids moving apart and look V/J/I shape
No sign of line of new cell membrane between poles yet
