Haematological Cancer Histology Flashcards
what done the bone marrow consist of?
haemopoietic cells
non-haemopoietic cells
connective tissue matrix
vascular elements
what are the non-haemopoietic cells in the bone marrow?
adipocytes
fibroblasts
osteoclasts
osteoblasts
what are the vascular elements present in the bone marrow?
venous sinuses
nutrient artery
periosteal network
how do blood cells leave the bone marrow and enter the circulation?
pass through fenestrations in endothelial cells to enter the circulation
release is associated with sinusoidal dilatation and increased blood flow
what do megakaryocytes do to release platelets from the bone marrow?
extend long branching processes called proplatelets into the sinusoidal blood vessels
which marrow is active?
red marrow
yellow is fat and inactive
two types of components in the lymphoid system
- central/ primary lymphoid tissues
2. peripheral/ secondary lymphoid tissues
what are the central/ primary lymphoid tissues?
bone marrow
thymus
what are the peripheral/ secondary lymphoid tissues?
lymph nodes spleen tonsils epithelia-lymphoid tissues bone marrow
functions of the lymphoid system
- return lymph to the circulation (fluid homeostasis and prevent oedema)
- cell traffic
- cell trapping
- interaction of cells
examples of when the lymphoid system goes wrong?
lymphoedema
chylous ascites
where do B cells mature?
bone marrow
where do T cells mature?
thymus
what are lymph nodes?
small, oval bodies located along the course of lymphatic vessels
what are lymphatic vessels?
blind-ending vascular channels that collect fluid from tissues and return it to the bloodstream
do lymphatic vessels contain valves?
yes
what drains into the lymph node?
afferent channel
what leaves the lymph node?
efferent vessel
where does the efferent vessel of the lymph node drain to?
- Cistern chyli/thoracic duct
- L or R jugular, subclavian, bronchomediastinal trunks
- And then to the venous system at the junction of L or R subclavian and jugular veins
cell populations in the lymph nodes
- lymphocytes
- mononuclear phagocytes (macrophages)
- APCs
- dendritic cells
- endothelial cells
two surfaces of the spleen
diaphragmatic
visceral
structure of the spleen
- encapsulated
- parenchyma
what does the parenchyma of the spleen contain?
red pulp
white pulp
what is red pulp?
sinusoids
cord (macrophages, fibroblasts)
what is white pulp?
peri-arteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS)
role of the spleen
acts as a filter detecting and eliminating unwanted, foreign and damaged material
