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Semester 4 > HaDSoc Session 5 > Flashcards

HaDSoc Session 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is illness work?

A

Active effort a chronic illness pt makes including getting a diagnosis, managing symptoms and self management

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2
Q

What is the sociological theory on chronic illness?

A

Use illness narratives to focus on how illness impacts on social interaction and role performance and investigates how people manage and negotiate chronic illness in everyday life

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3
Q

Why might getting a diagnosis be an unpleasant process in chronic illness?

A

Investigations, uncertainty and ambivalence of some diagnoses

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4
Q

What do bodily changes lead to when managing symptoms of a chronic illness?

A

Self-conception changes

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5
Q

What are the advantages of the expert pt programme?

A

Gives coping and condition management skills, aims to reduce hospital admissions, pt centred

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6
Q

What are the disadvantages of the expert pt programme?

A

Puts responsibility for came on very ill pts and there is little evidence of efficiency savings

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7
Q

Why is optimum self-management difficult to achieve in chronic conditions?

A

Poor adherence, low QoL, poor psychological wellbeing

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8
Q

What are the components of everyday life work in chronic illness?

A

Coping, strategy and normalisation

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9
Q

What happens in normalisation when coping with chronic illness?

A

Maintaining pre-illness lifestyle and identity or redesignating new life as ‘normal’ life

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10
Q

What is emotional work in chronic illness?

A

Work done to protect emotional well-being of others and process impact of illness on role

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11
Q

What actions might pts take to complete emotional work?

A

Maintain normal activities, strategically restrict social terrain, down play symptoms, present ‘cheery self’

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12
Q

What happens in biographical work in chronic illness?

A

Work to maintain positive definitions of self and lead valued life following disruption to former self-image without simultaneous development of a new one

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13
Q

What are the 3 stages in biographical disruption in chronic illness?

A

1: disruption of assumptions and behaviour. 2: fundamental re-thinking of biography and self-concept. 3: mobilisation of resources

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14
Q

What is discreditable stigma?

A

No stigma experienced if no visible illness but diagnosis revealed the stigma seen (e.g. HIV)

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15
Q

What is discredited stigma?

A

Where a physically visible characteristic sets apart individual irrespective of disclosure

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16
Q

What is enacted stigma?

A

Real experience of prejudice, discrimination and disadvantage

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17
Q

What is felt stigma?

A

Fear of enacted stigma and feeling of shame

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18
Q

What is identity work?

A

Work done to present in a socially valued way

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19
Q

What is the medical model of disability?

A

Deviation from medical norms, disadvantages direct consequence of impairment and disabilities, requires medical intervention

20
Q

What are the arguments against the medical model of disability?

A

Lacks recognition of social and psychological factors and uses stereotyping and stigmatising language

21
Q

What is the social model of disability?

A

Problems product of the environment and its failure to adjust, is a form of social oppression and a function of society failing to take account of impairments

22
Q

What does the social model of disability say in regard to ‘special needs’?

A

Only special in a particular context

23
Q

What are the criticisms of the social model of disability?

A

Body left out, overly drawn view of society, fails to recognise bodily realities and extent they can be solvable socially

24
Q

What is the international classification of impairments, disabilities/handicaps (ICDH)?

A

Classification of disease consequences by impairment, disability and social and psychological consequences of living with impairment and disability

25
Q

What are the criticisms of the ICDH?

A

Suggests disease –> impairment –> disability –> handicap but this is not inevitable

26
Q

What does the international classification of functions, disability and health consider?

A

How impairment, limitation and restriction interplay due to body function, activities, participation, personal and environmental factors

27
Q

Why does health need to be measured?

A

Give indication for need for healthcare, target resources, assess effectiveness of interventions, evaluate quality of services, get better value for money and monitor pt progress

28
Q

How is health commonly measured?

A

Mortality, morbidity and pt-based outcomes

29
Q

What are the advantages of using mortality to measure health?

A

Easily defined

30
Q

What are the disadvantages of using mortality to measure health?

A

Not always accurately recorded, not good for outcomes and quality of care measurements

31
Q

What is the advantage of using morbidity to measure health?

A

Routinely collected

32
Q

What are the disadvantages of using morbidity to measure health?

A

Not always reliable/accurate, not pt experience and not always easily evaluated

33
Q

How are pt-based outcomes assessed?

A

HRQoL, health status, functional ability, PROMs

34
Q

What are the challenges to pt-based outcomes?

A

Optimising data collection, achieving high rates of participation, providing appropriate output, avoiding misuse of PROMs, expansion to other areas

35
Q

What is QoL?

A

Individual’s sense of social, emotional and physical well-Bing that influences the extent to which they can achieve personal satisfaction with life circumstances

36
Q

What is HRQoL?

A

QoL in clinical medicine represents the functional effect of an illness and its consequent therapy upon a to as perceived by them

37
Q

What dimensions does HRQoL consider?

A

Physical function, symptoms, global judgements of health, psychological well-being, social well-being, cognitive functioning, personal constructs and satisfaction with care

38
Q

What is considered in the personal constructs domain of HRQoL?

A

Satisfaction with bodily appearance, stigma, life satisfaction and spirituality

39
Q

When are qualitative methods of HRQoL measurement useful?

A

Initial look at dimensions to inform development of quantitative instruments

40
Q

Why are qualitative methods not used in HRQoL beyond initial assessment?

A

V. Resource hungry and not easy to use in evaluation

41
Q

What do quantitative methods examine HRQoL rely on?

A

Instruments or scales that must be reliable and valid

42
Q

What are generic methods of measuring HRQoL?

A

Used for any population to cover general perceptions of overall health, social, emotional and physical functions, pain and self-care

43
Q

What are specific quantitative methods of HRQoL measurement?

A

Evaluation of a series of health dimensions specific to a disease, site or dimension

44
Q

What are the advantages of specific quantitative methods o P for HRQoL assessment?

A

Very relevant content, sensitive to change and acceptable to pts

45
Q

What are the disadvantages of using specific quantitative methods to assess HRQoL?

A

Pts must have disease, limited comparison, may not detect unexpected effects

46
Q

What are the disadvantages of using generic quantitative methods to assess HRQoL?

A

Inherently less detail, loss of relevance by being too general, less sensitive to changes due to intervention, may be less acceptable to pts

47
Q

What are the advantages of using generic quantitative methods to assess HRQoL?

A

Covers broad range of health problems, can be used if there is no disease-specific instrument, allows comparison across Tx groups, detects unexpected effects of an intervention and assesses health of the population

Semester 4 (33 decks)

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