H02: Connective Tissues Flashcards
What is parenchyma?
Tissue that carry out the organ’s function
What is the stroma?
Extracellular material that support the parenchyma.
What are the 2 types of CT?
Proper and specialised
What are the 2 subtypes of CT proper?
Dense & loose
What are the subtypes of dense CT proper?
Regular
Irregular
Elastic
What are the subtypes of loose CT proper?
Areolar
Reticular
Adipose
What are the 3 subtypes of specialised CT?
Blood
Bone
Cartilage
What are the 3 subtypes of cartilage?
Hyaline
Fibrocartilage
Elastic
What are the 2 subtypes of bone?
Spongy & compact
What is the role of mesenchymal stem cells?
To generate most CT cells.
What is the potency of mesenchymal stem cells?
Multipotent
Where and when are mesenchymal stem cells found?
Found in the mesenchyme during development
Do adults have mesenchymal stem cells?
Yes, a small number
What is the role of fibroblasts?
Secrete ECM & synthesise the precursors of elastin & collagen
Where are fibroblasts found?
Everywhere in CT
What is the role of adipocytes?
They store fat, absorp shock & insulate. Are metabolically active & have an endocrine role
What are myofibroblasts used for and what makes them adapted for their purpose?
They are used in scar formation because they are contractile so can draw scar tissue together.
What are 2 subtypes of defence cells?
Fixed intrinsic cells & wandering extrinsic cells
What are the 3 subtypes of fixed intrinsic cells?
Mast cells, dendritic subtype & macrophages
What is the role of mast cells?
Involved in allergic reaction as they contain histamines.
What structures do collagen fibres form?
Fibre and mesh structures
What does type I collagen form and what does it do?
Forms fibrous structures for tensile & compressive strengths
What does type II collagen form and what does it do?
Forms fibrils for mechanical strength & architecture. Forms cartilage.
What does type III collagen form and what does it do?
Forms mesh structures so involved in compartmentalisation.
What does type IV collagen form and what does it do?
Associates with laminin to form basement membranes
How is collagen synthesised?
1) fibroblasts secrete pro-collagen in the ECM.
2) 3 alpha polypeptide chains join together to form1 collagen fibrils
3) Fibrils join together to form fibrous or mesh-like structures
What structure does elastin form?
Fibrous and sheet-like structures
What are the properties of elastin?
Elastic & stretch
Densely packed
What is ground substance made of?
A mix of carbohydrates and glycoproteins
How is ground substance formed?
Glycosaminoglycans are negatively charged.
They attach to a large network of hyaluronic acid.
The negative charge attracts Na+.
In turn water is drawn in by osmosis.
What is the role of ground susbtance?
Provide volume
Compression resistance
Shock absorption
Diffusion medium
What is the difference between brown and white adipose tissue?
White adipose tissue is only composed of adipocytes & vasculature while brown adipose tissue also has mitochondria.
Brown adipose tissue produces heat that is circulated around the body via the blood while white adipose tissue is “simple” insulation.
Brown adipose tissue is found in hibernating animals & newborns while white adipose tissue is found in everyone.
