A18&19: Abdomen Flashcards
What is the cranial border of the abdominal cavity?
Diaphragm
What is the caudal border of the abdominal cavity?
Pelvic inlet
What are the lateral borders of the abdominal cavity?
Body wall muscles & ribs
What is the ventral border of the abdominal cavity?
Linea alba & xiphoid cartilage
What is the dorsal border of the abdominal cavity?
Lumbar & sacral vertebrae + hypaxial muscles
What are the 4 parts of the duodenum?
Cranial flexure of duodenum, ascending duodenum, caudal flexure of duodenum & descending duodenum
What are the 3 parts of the small intestine?
Duodenum, jejunum & ileum
What is the name of the blind end of the colon?
The caecum.
What are the 3 parts of the colon?
Ascending colon, transverse colon & descending colon.
How are the caecum & colon connected?
By the caecocolic sphincter.
What is the gallbladder associated with?
The right medial & quadrate lobes of the liver.
Where is the spleen located?
On the left side of the abdomen
What is special about the right kidney?
It’s more cranial than the left
What is special about the kidneys & the ureters?
They are retroperitoneal.
Which part of the male reproductive tract is found in the abdominal cavity?
Part of the ductus deferens.
What serous membrane lines the inner abdominal inner wall, pelvic & scrotal cavity walls?
Parietal peritoneum
How does the peritoneal cavity communicate with the outside in the female?
By the uterine tubes.
What is the greater omentum attached to?
The greater curvature of the stomach to the ventral body wall, where it folds over and returns to the dorsal body wall.
What is the omental bursa and how do you enter it?
It’s the space between the superficial & the deep leaf. Entered by the epiploic foramen.
What is the lesser omentum attached to?
From the lesser curvature of the stomach to the papillary process of the caudate lobe of the liver.
What does the gastrosplenic ligament attach to?
Between the stomach & the spleen.
What does the mesoduodenum attach to?
The duodenum and the dorsal body wall.
What does the duodenocolic fold attach to?
It attaches the duodenum to the colon.
What is the greater mesentery composed of?
The mesojejunum & the mesoileum.
Where is the mesenteric root located?
At the level of the second lumbar vertebra.
What is the ileocaecal junction attached to?
Between the ileum and caecum.
What is the mesocolon attached to?
Between the colon & dorsal body wall.
What is the mesorectum attached to?
Between the rectum & the dorsal body wall.
What does the proper ligament attach to?
Ovary to uterine horn.
What does the suspensory ligament attach to?
Ovary to the last rib.
What does the broad ligament attach to?
The uterus to the body wall.
State the 6 lobes of the liver.
Left lateral, left medial, quadrate, right medial, right lateral & caudate lobe.
What are the 2 process of the caudate lobe, and which one holds the right kidney?
Papillary & caudate processes. Caudate process has a renal fossa.
Which lobes is the gallbladder associated with?
The quadrate and right medial lobes.
What does it mean that the kidneys are retroperitoneal?
They are covered in peritoneum on their ventral surface but not their dorsal surface.
Where are the right and left kidneys located?
Right kidney: between lumbar vertebrae 1-3
Left kidney: between lumbar vertebrae 2-4
Where are adrenal glands located?
Near the craniomedial poles of kidneys.
What part of the female reproductive tract is located in the abdomen?
The ovaries & uterus
What part of the male reproductive tract is located in the abdomen?
Part of the ductus deferens.
State the arteries supplying the abdomen and whether they are paired or unpaired.
- Celiac a. (unpaired)
- Cranial mesenteric a. (unpaired)
- Phrenicoabdominal aa. (paired)
- Renal aa. (paired)
- Lumbar aa. (paired)
- Ovarian/Testicular aa. (paired)
- Caudal mesenteric a. (unpaired)
- Deep circumflex iliac aa. (paired)
- External iliac aa. (paired)
- Internal iliac aa. (paired)
- Mediosacral a. (unpaired)
State the veins draining the abdomen and whether they are paired or unpaired.
- Hepatic v. (unpaired)
- Phrenicoabdominal vv. (paired)
- Renal vv. (paired)
- Ovarian/Testicular vv. (paired)
- Lumbar vv. (paired)
- Deep circumflex iliac vv. (paired)
- External iliac vv. (paired)
- Internal iliac vv. (paired)
What are the branches of the celiac a. and what does each supply?
- Gastric a.: supplies stomach, pancreas & omenta.
- Splenic a.: supplies the spleen.
- Hepatic a.: supplies liver & pancreas.
What does the cranial mesenteric a. supply?
The small intestines, caecum, colon & pancreas
What do the phrenicoabdominal aa. supply?
Abdominal wall muscles & diaphragm
What do the renal aa. supply?
The kidneys
What do lumbar aa. supply?
Vertebral canal, epaxial muscles & dorsal skin.
What do ovarian/testicular aa. supply?
Ovaries & testicles respectively
What does the caudal mesenteric a. supply?
The descending colon & rectum.
What do deep circumflex iliac aa. supply?
Caudal abdominal wall
What do external iliac aa. supply?
Hindlimb & abdominal wall
What do internal iliac aa. supply?
Muscles on ilium
What does the mediosacral a. supply?
The tail & caudal body region.
Which veins drain into the hepatic vein?
- Cranial mesenteric v.
- Caudal mesenteric v.
- Gastroduodenal v.
- Splenic v.
Why do unpaired visceral vv. not drain directly into the caudal vena cava?
Because they come from the stomach, small intestines, spleen, so draining into the hepatic v. prevents contamination.
What does the cranial mesenteric v. drain?
Small intestines mainly + caecum, colon & pancreas
What does the caudal mesenteric v. drain?
Distal colon
What does the splenic v. drain?
Spleen
What does the gastroduodenal v. drain?
Stomach, pancreas, omenta & duodenum
What is the blood supply to the female reproductive tract in the abdomen?
Ovarian aa. supply the ovaries & cranial part of the uterine horns & tube.
Uterine aa. supply uterine horns & body.
Where are ovarian & uterine aa. located?
In the broad ligament
What is the blood supply of the mammae?
Thoracic mammae: lateral thoracic aa. & intercostal aa.
Abdominal mammae: cranial superficial epigastric aa., phrenicoabdominal aa., caudal superficial epigastric aa., & deep circumflex iliac aa.
Inguinal mammae: caudal superficial epigastric aa. & deep circumflex iliac aa.
