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ACLAM > Guinea Pig Medicine > Flashcards

Guinea Pig Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Sereny test?

A

Tests invasiveness of enteroinvasive E coli, Shigella, and Listeria. Done by inoculating suspension of bacteria into G pig eye.

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2
Q

What is the Ames test?

A

Uses bacteria to test whether a chemical can cause mutations in DNA of test organism. Biologic assay.

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3
Q

What is the genus and species of a guinea pig?

A

Cavia porcellus

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4
Q

What is the vertebral formula of a guinea pig?

A

C7, T13 (T14), L6, S2 (3), CD 4(6)

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5
Q

Guinea pigs (like NW monkeys, ferrets, and people) are considered to be corticosteroid-resistant because steroid administration is not associated with changes in thymic physiology or peripheral lymphocyte counts. T or F

A

True

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6
Q

G Pigs have laryngeal ventricles. T or F

A

False

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7
Q

G Pig right lung as 4 lobes and left lung has 3 lobes. T or F

A

True
Right (Cranial, middle, caudal, accessory).
Left (cranial, middle caudal)

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8
Q

What is the dental formula of G pigs?

A

20 teeth 2( I 1/1, C 0/0, PM 1/1, M 3/3)

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9
Q

What is the hole in the soft palate called?

A

palatal ostium

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10
Q

Name the salivary glands in a G pig

A

parotid, mandibular, sublingual, molar

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11
Q

Unlike rats, mice, and hamsters, what due guinea pigs lack in the GI tract?

A

There is no non-glandular portion of the stomach

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12
Q

Gastric pH and SI pH

A

gastric 2.9, SI 6.4-7.4

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13
Q

How many dietary B vitamins due guinea pigs require?

A 
7 of 10
vs rabbits (3 of 10)
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14
Q

Explain the mucus trap strategy?

A

Bacteria in colon trapped in mucus without food particles, and returned to cecum by antiperistalsis.
vs rabbits “wash back strategy” of bacteria, solutes, food and water (not mucus).

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15
Q

GI flora of G pigs is similar in rabbits and comprised of what type of bacteria?

A

gram positive, anaerobic

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16
Q

Name accessory sex glands in males (boars)

A

vesicular glands, prostate, coagulating glands, and bulbourethral glands.

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17
Q

Name the pouch next to urethral opening.

A

Intromittent sac

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18
Q

Why do g pigs require vitamin c (ascorbic acid)

A

They lack L-gulonolactone oxidase, an enxyme involved in synthesis of ascorib acid from glucose.

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19
Q

What dose of ascorbic acid is required?

A

adults 10-25 mg/kg/day

breeding females 30 mg/kg/day

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20
Q

Natural Vit C is oxidized (lost) in foods in what length of time

A

90 days.

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21
Q

Stabilized vit C (L-ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate) lasts for how long in diets

A

6 months (or longer in dry conditions at 70 degrees).

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22
Q

What foods are high in ascorbic acid?

A

red and green peppers, tomatoes, kiwi, oranges, broccoli

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23
Q

Guinea pigs prefer to drink from open bowls compared to nipple drinkers. T or F

A

False

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24
Q

List the ages of g pigs at puberty

A

Males 3 mos, Females 2 mos

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25
Q

Length of estrus in females

A

15-17 days

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26
Q

Post partum estrus occurs how long after parturition?

A

2-10 hrs

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27
Q

How long is estrus?

A

6-11 hrs

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28
Q

Length of gestation?

A

65-71 days

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29
Q

The pubic symphysis produces a gap of 15mm-25mm about 2 days prior to parturition. T or F

A

True

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30
Q

Do g pig pups require sow’s milk for the first 5 days of life?

A

Yes

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31
Q

At what age are g pigs weaned?

A

21 days (they are precocious)

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32
Q

What is the blood volume of g pigs?

A

70 ml/kg/bw

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33
Q

Hypocholesterolemia is common in g pigs. T or F

A

False (Hypercholesterolemia is common)

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34
Q

What is a Kurloff cell?

A

Unique leukocyte of g pigs that is mononuclear and resembles a lymphocyte but has round or ovoid inclusions (kurloff bodies) that may have antileukemia activity.

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35
Q

What is the normal daily water intake?

A

100 ml/kg/day

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36
Q

Common treatment of GI stasis in g pigs?

A

buprenorphine (0.2mg/kg oral-transmucosal q4hrs)

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37
Q

Administration of antibiotics may cause overgrowth of what gram negative bacteria?

A

Clostridium difficile, resulting in diarrhea and hemorrhagic typhlitis

38
Q

What causes Tyzzer’s disease and how is it transmitted?

A

Clostridium piliforme; fecal-oral

39
Q

Necropsy lesions of Tyzzer’s disease?

A

intestinal inflammation and focal hepatic necrosis

40
Q

Causes of bacterial enteritis

A

Salmonella typhimurium and S. enteritidis (zoonotic)

41
Q

Necropsy lesions of Salmonella dz

A

enlarged spleen and liver, yellow necrotic foci on viscera

42
Q

What bacteria causes abscessation of intestine, liv er, and regional lymph nodes?

A

Yersinia spp

43
Q

in weanlings, what bacteria causes wasting, depression and death with yellow fluids in intestines?

A

E coli

44
Q

What parasite causes failure to gain weight, weight loss, and diarreha in weanlings and immunosuppressed animals?

A

Cryptosprodium wrairi

45
Q

Name three common GI parasites?

A

Eimeria caviae, Balantidium caviae, and Paraspidodera unicinata

46
Q

What causes purulent bronchopneumonia often involving consolidated lung lobes and fibrinosupporative pleuritis? May also cause otitis media, encephalitis, metritis, abortions and death.

A

Bordetella bronchiseptica (gram negative rod)

47
Q

Treatment for bordetella bronchiseptica

A

Trimethoprim/sulfa and florfenicol

48
Q

What serotypes of Streptococus pneumoniae cause disease in guinea pigs?

A

Serotypes III, IV, and XIX

49
Q

What clinical signs to S pneumoniae cause?

A

bronchopneumonia, fibrinopurulent pleuritis, pericarditis

50
Q

What bacteria is commonly associated with urolithiasis?

A

Corynebacterium renale

51
Q

What is the most common composition of uroliths?

A

calcium carbonate

52
Q

What can be used to reduce urinary calcium levels?

A

Potassium citrate

53
Q

What negative side effect does potassium citrate cause?

A

Hyperkalemia

54
Q

What two types of ovarian cysts occur?

A

Serous (cystic rete ovarii; non-functional), and Hormone producing foliccular cysts.

55
Q

Follicular cysts are associated with what condition?

A

Bilaterally siymmetric nonpruritic flank alopecia.

56
Q

What is a common treatment for follicular cysts?

A

GnRH and hCG to induce surge of LH: 25ug q14 days x 2 injections

57
Q

Most common uterine tumor?

A

Uterine leiomyomas

58
Q

Most dystocias in sows occur when first bred after what age?

A

8-12 mos.

59
Q

Common cause of dermatophytosis?

A

Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T benhamiae, then Microsporum canis

60
Q

What is the fur mite of guinea pigs?

A

Chirodiscoides caviae (elgonated body with triangular rostrum) First to pairs of limbs are hooked.

61
Q

What is a skin mite (mange) of g pigs?

A

Sarcoptic mite (Trixacarus caviae): oval with triangular scale on back without spikes. The anus is dosral in the female, and the rostrum is pentagonal. Sucker at tip of nonarticulated pedicle

62
Q

Name common lice of g pigs?

A 
Gliricola porcelli (elongated and thin abdomen, two antenae, dimple, two maxillary palps.
Gyropus ovalis (oval abdomne), two antennas, dimple in head and two maxillary palps.  Each limb has a claw.
63
Q

What is used to treat ectoparasites in g pigs?

A

Ivermectin (q14 days x 4), or selamectin (single dose)

64
Q

Most common skin neoplasm of g pigs?

A

Trichofolliculoma (dorsal rump with coccygeal gland)

65
Q

Mammary gland neoplasias are most prevalent in females? T or F

A

False (males more prevalent) Up to 75% malignant (adenocarcinomas)

66
Q

Lack of Vitamin C results in what?

A

Defective type IV collagen, laminin, and elastin resulting in joint and gingival hemorrhages (scurvy)

67
Q

30% Satin guinea pigs develop which disease by 1yr of age?

A

Fibrinous Osteodystrophy

68
Q

Fibrinous Osteodystrophy is caused by?

A

Primary/secondary hyperparathyroidism and causes increased osteoclastic bone resorption replaced by fibrous tissue.

69
Q

Fibrinous osteodystorphy closely resembles what disease?

A

Hypovitaminosis C

70
Q

What is the treatment in non guinea pigs to reduce osteoclastic activity and bone pain often seen with hypovitaminosis C or Fibrinous osteodystrophy?

A

Bisphosphonates, but not treatment guinea pigs. Poor prognosis.

71
Q

Common skin mite that causes severe pruritus that results in seizures?

A

T. caviae

72
Q

Arenavirus that causes meningitis and hind-limb paralysis

A

Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV)- more common in mice, hamsters, chincillas

73
Q

Disease that causes lymphocytic infiltrates in choroid plexus, ependyma, and meningies

A

LCMV

74
Q

What condition causes “pea eye” or “fatty eye” in American shorthairs?

A

hypertrophy of lacrimal or zygomatic glands, and increased fat deposits in conjunctiva.

75
Q

Incidental finding of white lesion at limbus

A

Heterotopic Calcification of ciliary body

76
Q

What constitutes Whipple’s triad?

A

symptoms hypoglycemia, documented hypoglycemia, response to treatment from glucose (associated with insulinoma)

77
Q

Treatment for insulinoma?

A

diazoxide bid, or steroids for gluconeogenesis

78
Q

Diabetes treatment

A

No insulin necessary. Low-fat, high fiber diet recommended.

79
Q

Most common endocrine disorder in guinea pigs?

A

Hyperthyroidism (>3yrs age)

80
Q

Causes of hyperthyroidism in guinea pigs?

A

thyroid hyperplasia, adenoma, and carcinoma.

81
Q

Clinical signs of hyperthyroidism

A

weight loss, PU/PD, hyperactivity, nervousness, soft feces or diarrhea, heart murmur, arrhythmia

82
Q

Treatment for hyperthyroidism guinea pigs

A

Radioactive Iodine- 131

83
Q

Treatment for cushings (hyperadrenocorticism)

A

Trilostane, adrenalectomy

84
Q

What bacteria causes cervical lymphadenitis

A

Streptococcus equi, subsp zooepidemicus

85
Q

Epitheliotropic T-cell Lymphoma can present with pruritic alopecia and scaling. T or F

A

True

86
Q

Type-C retrovirus in laboratory guinea pigs causes what disease?

A

Cavian leukemia

87
Q

Treatment for Type-C retrovirus?

A

Prednisolone SID for 24 days, or lomustine every 21 days.

88
Q

What does a paurangiotic fundus mean?

A

Vessels only near optic nerve. Similar to squid.

89
Q

What tear test should be used to determine tear production?

A

phenol red thread tear test

90
Q

Primary cause of conjunctivitis in G pigs with mild chemosis, ocular discharge, and follicle formation.

A

Chlamydia caviae

91
Q

What condition causes conjunctivitis with flaky discharge?

A

Vitamin C deficiency

92
Q

Primary cause of conjunctival masses in guinea pigs

A

lymphosarcoma

ACLAM (12 decks)

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