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ACLAM > Ferrets > Flashcards

Ferrets Flashcards

1
Q

Ferret genus and species

A

Mustela putorius furo

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2
Q

Number of premolars in a ferret

A

3

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3
Q

Architecture of ferret esophagus

A

Striated entire length (like dog). They can vomit.

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4
Q

The jejunum and ileum are indistinguishable creating what structure?

A

Jejunoileum

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5
Q

What components of the GI tract do ferrets lack?

A

Cecum, ileocecal valve, and appendix

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6
Q

What is unique about the ferret pancreas?

A

It is V shaped. There is only a major duodenal papilla, as the minor is also absent.

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7
Q

How does the penis of a ferret differ from that of a dog?

A

The os penis is J shaped, making urethral catheterization challenging.

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8
Q

Architecture of female ferret reproductive tract

A

Single cervix, single uterus, 2 uterine horns

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9
Q

Albino ferrets have what impaired visionary senses?

A

imparied motion perception and contrast sensitivity, compared to non-albino ferrets

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10
Q

Ferret hearing range

A

20Hz to 44 kHz

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11
Q

What congential syndrom are ferrets with white markings (pandas and blazes) prone to?

A

Deafness associated with congenital Waardenburg-like Syndrome.

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12
Q

What condition can occur with prolonged estrus?

A

Severe anemia and thrombocytopeina caused by bone marrow suppression from persistent hyperestrogenism. Caused by failure to ovulate after breeding.

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13
Q

Ferret gestation length

A

39-42 days

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14
Q

Adult domestic ferrets drink how much water daily?

A

75-100 mL

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15
Q

Ferret ear mite

A

Otodected cynotis

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16
Q

Common sites for blood draws in a ferret

A

Jugular, cranial vena cava

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17
Q

Ferrets are used to study what human model?

A

Helicobactor pylori as they are susceptible to H mustelae. (gastric adenocarcinoma or mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

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18
Q

Tissues affected by Lawsonia Intracellularis (proliferative bowel disease)

A

Intestinal thickening of the colon causing chronic diarrhea. Trt: Chloramphenicol

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19
Q

Tissues affected by Campylobacter jejuni

A

Small and large intestine, and liver. Causes self-limiting diarrhea with mucous and blood. Treat: erythromycin

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20
Q

Clinical signs of Mycobacterium bovis or avium

A

Diarrhea, weight loss, conjunctival lesions, splenomegaly, pneumonia

21
Q

Name the two types of coronavirus

A

Enteric and Systemic (resembles feline FIP) (RNA)

22
Q

Ferret enteric coronavirus is the causative agent of what dissease?

A

Epizootic catarrhal enteritis (ECE)

23
Q

What clinical sign does ECE cause?

A

green slime diarrhea. Occurs in adult ferrets exposed to a new young ferret, incubation is 48-72hrs.

24
Q

How to diagnose ECE?

A

PCR or ELISA

25
Q

What condition can occur following recovery from ECE?

A

Intermittent malabsorption syndrome with tan, seed-like diarrhea.
May try treat with Pred or Tylosin

26
Q

Ferret systemic coronavirus (FSCV) causes what condition?

A

Progressive systemic pyogranulomatous disease in young ferrets (resembles dry FIP). ~11mos old, chronic weight loss, palpable abd mass, diarrhea, leukocytosis, anemia
There is no treatment

27
Q

How to diagnose FSCV?

A

Immunohistochemical staining of affected tissues with anti-coronavirus antiboty (FIPV3-70)

28
Q

Which condition has a higher mortality rate, ECE or FSCV?

A

FSCV

ECE is high morbidity

29
Q

What causes green diarrhea in 2-6wk kits with green, mucoid diarrhea? How is it diagnosed?

A

Rotavirus.

Dx: PCR fecal or tissue samples (jejunum or ileum)

30
Q

Fatal disease in ferrets that causes diarrhea, nasal and ocular discharge, generalized orange-tinged dermatitis?

A

Canine distemper (paramyxovirus)
Genus Morbillivirus
Family Paramyxoviridae

31
Q

Cause of transient diarrhea and upper respiratory dz (coughing, sneezing)

A

Influenza (orthomyxovirus)

32
Q

Most common enteric parasite in ferrets, which causes severe morbidity and mortality?

A 
Eimeria furonis (coccidiosis)
Difficult to treat and erradicate as fecal shedding is sporadic and inconsistent.
33
Q

What parasite may cause a subclinical infection in ferrets without signs of dz?

A

Cryptosporidium parvum

34
Q

Common cause of gastroenteritis in ferrets

A

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)- lymphoplasmacytic with some eosinophilic infiltration of stomach and small intestine.

35
Q

Chronic GI inflammation is associated with the development of what condition?

A 
MALT lymphoma (Helicobacter)  causing loose seed-like stools, occasional vomiting.  Young-middle aged adults, and typically only one ferret affected.
Treat: empirical with pred
36
Q

Chronic helicobacter infections may result in what conditions?

A

Pyloric adenocarcinoma and MALT lymphoma

37
Q

What is more common, pancreatic endocrine neoplasia or exocrine neoplasia? What tumors are caused?

A

Pancreatic endocrine neoplasia: pancreatic islet cell tumor (beta cell carcinoma or insulinoma)

38
Q

What dz causes subclinical, acute hepatitis, or chonic infections?

A

Hepatitis E virus (HEV)

39
Q

Cause of immune complex deposition in the kidneys which causes membranous glomerulonephritis and tubular intersitial nephritis?

A 
Aleutian dz (may have asymptomatic carriers)
Parvovirus
40
Q

What dz can cause pyogranulomatous inflammation of the kidney and green-tinged urine?

A

FSCV

41
Q

Most common uroliths in ferrets?

A

magnesium ammonium phosphate or struvite. Dietary influenced.

42
Q

Clinical pathology and pathology findings of Aleutian dz?

A

Hypoalbuminemia and hypergammaglobulinemia. Azotemia and anemia may also occur.
Splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, lymphomegaly, perivascular cuffing of brain and spinal cord, lymphoplasmacytic meningitis
No trt.

43
Q

How is Aleutian dz diagnosed?

A

CIEP (conterimmunoelectrophoresis), PCR fecal or splenic tissues
Presence of antibody not diagnostic of dz

44
Q

What condition causes includion bodies int he respiratory system, skin, brain, and urinary bladder that are intracytoplasmic or intranuclear?

A

Canine distemper virus (CDV)

45
Q

Increased production of mineralocorticoids by the zona glomerulosa causes what condition?

A

Hyperaldosteronism (Conn’s syndrome)

46
Q

Increased production of glucocorticoids by the zona fasciculata causes what condition?

A

Hypercortisolism (Cushings)

47
Q

Increased production of androgens by the zona reticularis causes what condition?

A

Hyperandrogenism- the most common form of hyperadrenocorticism!

48
Q

Hyperadrenocorticism produces what excess enzymes?

A

androstenedione, estradiol, 17a-hydroxyprogesterone

49
Q

Treatment for hypoglycemia in ferrets

A

Prednisone, diazoxide, and octreotide acetate

ACLAM (12 decks)

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