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APES > Guide 2 > Flashcards

Guide 2 Flashcards

1
Q

anything that occupies space and has mass

A

matter

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2
Q

measurement of amount of matter an object contains

A

mass

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3
Q

a particle that contains more than one atom

A

molecule

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4
Q

a molecule containing more than one element

A

compound

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5
Q

atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

A

isotopes

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6
Q

spontaneous release of material from the nucleus of radioactive isotopes

A

radioactive decay

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7
Q

the time it takes for 1/2 of an original radioactive parent to decay

A

half-life

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8
Q

bond formed when an element shares electrons

A

covalent bond

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9
Q

chemical bond between 2 ions of opposite charges

A

ionic bond

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10
Q

a weak chemical bond that forms when hydrogen atoms that are covalently bonded to one atom are attracted to another atom on another molecule

A

hydrogen bond

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11
Q

a molecule in which one side is more positive and the other side is more negative

A

polar molecule

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12
Q

a property of water resulting from the cohesion of water molecules at the surface of a body of water that creates a sort of skin on the water’s surface

A

surface tension

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13
Q

property of water that occurs when adhesion of water molecules to a surface is stronger than cohesion between molecules

A

capillary action

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14
Q

substance contributing hydrogen ions to a solution

A

acid

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15
Q

substance contributing hydroxide ions to a solution

A

base

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16
Q

number that indicates the relative strength of acids and bases in a substance

A

pH

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17
Q

a reaction occurring when atoms separate from molecules or recombine with other molecules

A

chemical reaction

18
Q

law of nature stating that matter cannot be created or destroyed; it can only change form

A

law of conservation of matter

19
Q

compound not containing the element carbon or containing carbon bound to elements other than hydrogen

A

inorganic compound

20
Q

compound containing carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds

A

organic compound

21
Q

compound of C,H, and O atoms

A

carbohydrate

22
Q

critical component of living organisms made up of a long chain of nitrogen-containing organic molecules known as amino acids

A

protein

23
Q

organic compounds found in all living cells

A

nucleic acid

24
Q

smaller organic biological molecule that doesn’t mix with water

A

lipid

25
Q

the ability to do work or transfer heat

A

energy

26
Q

amount of energy used when a 1-watt electrical device is turned on for one second

A

joule

27
Q

the rate at which work is done

A

power

28
Q

a form of energy emitted by the sun- includes but is not limited to visible light, ultraviolet light, and infrared light

A

electromagnetic radiation

29
Q

massless packet of energy carrying electromagnetic radiation at the speed of light

A

photon

30
Q

stored energy that has not been released

A

potential energy

31
Q

potential energy stored in chemical bonds

A

chemical energy

32
Q

energy of motion

A

kinetic energy

33
Q

measure of average kinetic energy of a substance

A

temperature

34
Q

physical law stating that energy can neither be created nor destroyed but can change forms

A

1st law of thermodynamics

35
Q

physical law stating that when energy is transformed, the quantity of energy remains the same, but its ability to do work diminishes

A

2nd law of thermodynamics

36
Q

ratio of the amount of energy expended in the form you want to the total amount of energy that is introduced into the system

A

energy efficiency

37
Q

the ease with which an energy source can be used for work

A

energy quality

38
Q

randomness in a system

A

entropy

39
Q

feedback loop in which a system responds to a change by returning to its original state or by decreasing the rate at which the change is occurring

A

negative feedback loop

40
Q

feedback loop in which a change in a system is amplified

A

positive feedback loop

APES (10 decks)

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