Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

APES > Ch. 1 Review > Flashcards

Ch. 1 Review Flashcards

1
Q

A nonrenewable natural resource, such as crude oil, natural gas, or coal, produced by the decomposition and compression of organic matter from ancient life

A

fossil fuel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

hydraulic fracturing, a method of oil and gas extraction that uses high-pressure fluids to force open cracks in rocks deep underground

A

fracking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The sum total of our surroundings, including all of the living things and non-living things with which we interact

A

environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Is the study of how the natural world works, how our environment, affects us, and how we affect our environment

A

environmental science

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

a particular location of Earth with interacting biotic and abiotic components

A

ecosystem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

living

A

biotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

nonliving

A

abiotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A social movement dedicated to protecting the natural world, and by extension, people

A

environmentalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the field of study that includes environmental science and additional subjects such as environmental policy, economics, literature, and ethics

A

environmental studies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

An essential service an ecosystem provides that supports life and makes economic activity possible

A

ecosystem services

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

an indicator that describes the current state of an environmental system

A

environmental indicator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the diversity of life forms in an environment

A

biodiversity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

a measure of the genetic variation among individuals in a population

A

genetic diversity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

a group of organisms that is distinct from other groups in its morphology (body form and structure), behavior, or biochemical properties

A

species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the number of species in a region or in a particular ecosystem

A

species diversity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the evolution of new species

A

speciation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the average rate at which species become extinct over the long term

A

background extinction rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

gases in earth’s atmosphere that trap heat near the surface

A

greenhouse gases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

derived from human activities

A

anthropogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

amount per each person in a country or unit of population

A

per capita

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

improvement in human well-being through economic advancement

A

development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A guiding principles of environmental science, entailing conserving resources, maintaining functional ecological systems, and developing long-term solutions, such that a earth can sustain our civilization and all life for the future, allowing our descendants to live at least as well as we have lived

A

sustainability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

development that balances current human well-being and economic advancement with resource management for the benefit of future generations

A

sustainable development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

love of life

A

biophilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The cumulative area of biological productive land and water required to provide the raw materials a person or population consumes and to dispose of or recycle the waste that is produced

A

ecological footprint

26
Q

A formalized method for testing ideas with observations that involves a more-or-less consistent series of interrelated steps

A

scientific method

27
Q

A statement that attempts to explain a phenomenon or answer a scientific question

A

hypothesis

28
Q

In an experiment, a condition that can change

A

variable

29
Q

The variable that the scientist manipulates in an experiment

A

independent variable

30
Q

The variable that is affected by manipulation of the independent variable in an experiment

A

dependent variable

31
Q

a prediction that there is no difference between the groups or conditions that are being compared

A

null hypothesis

32
Q

the data collection procedure of taking repeated measurements

A

replication

33
Q

the number of times a measurement is replicated in data collection

A

sample size (n)

34
Q

how close a measured value is to the actual or true value

A

accuracy

35
Q

how close the repeated measurements of a sample are to one another

A

precision

36
Q

an estimate of how much a measured or calculated value differs from a true value

A

uncertainty

37
Q

A widely accepted, well-tested explanation of one or more cause-and-effect relationships that has been extensively validated by a great amount of research

A

theory

38
Q

The portion of an experiment in which a variable has been left unmanipulated, to serve as point of comparison with the treatment

A

control

39
Q

An experiment in which the research cannot directly manipulate the variables and therefore must observe nature, comparing conditions in which variables differ, and interpret the results

A

natural experiment

40
Q

Any of various substances and energy sources that we take from our environment and that we need in order to survive

A

natural resources

41
Q

Natural resources that are virtually unlimited or that are replenished by the environment over relatively short periods (hours to weeks to years)

A

renewable natural resources

42
Q

Natural resources that are in limited supply and are formed much more slowly than we use them

A

nonrenewable natural resources

43
Q

is a period of transition from the pre-agricultural period characterized by a Paleolithic diet, into an agricultural period characterized by a diet of cultivated foods; or a further transition from a living form of agriculture into a more advanced and more productive form of agriculture, resulting in further social changes

A

Agricultural revolution

44
Q

The shift beginning in the mid-1700s from rural life, animal-powered agricultural, and manufacturing by craftsmen to an urban society powered by fossil fuels

A

Industrial revolution

45
Q

The amount by which humanity’s resource use, as measured by its ecological footprint, has surpassed earth’s long-term capacity to support us

A

overshoot

46
Q

A field that borrows techniques from multiple traditional fields of study and brings together research results from these fields into a broad synthesis

A

interdisciplinary field

47
Q

Academic disciplines that study the natural world

A

natural sciences

48
Q

(1) An systematic process for learning about the world and testing our understanding of it. (2)The accumulated body of knowledge that arises from this dynamic process

A

science

49
Q

Research in which science gather basic information about organisms, materials, systems or processes that we are not yet well known

A

Observational/descriptive science

50
Q

A specific statement, generally arising from a hypothesis, that can be tested directly and unequivocally

A

Predictions

51
Q

An activity designed to test the validity of a hypothesis by manipulating variables.

A

experiment

52
Q

In an experiment, a condition that can change

A

variable

53
Q

An experiment in which a treatment is compared against a control in order to test the effect of a variable

A

controlled experiment

54
Q

The portion of an experiment in which a variable has been manipulated in order to test its effect

A

treatment

55
Q

Information, generally quantitative information

A

data

56
Q

An experiment in which the researcher actively chooses and manipulates the independent variable

A

manipulative experiment

57
Q

The process by which a manuscript submitted for publication in an academic journal is examined by specialists in the field, who provide comments and criticism and judge wether the work merits publication in the journal

A

peer review

58
Q

Problems complex enough to have no simple solution and whose very nature changes over time

A

wicked problems

59
Q

A dominant philosophical and theoretical framework within a scientific discipline

A

paradigm

60
Q

Earth’s accumulated wealth of resources

A

natural capital

APES (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions