Guide 1

Question 1

hydraulic fracturing, method of oil & gas extraction that uses high-pressure fluids to force open cracks in rocks deep underground

Answer 1

fracking

Question 2

the sum of all the conditions surrounding us that influence life

Answer 2

environment

Question 3

field of study that looks at interactions among human systems & those found in nature

Answer 3

environmental science

Question 4

a particular location on Earth with interacting biotic & abiotic components

Answer 4

ecosystem

Question 5

living

Answer 5

biotic

Question 6

nonliving

Answer 6

abiotic

Question 7

a person involved with the social movement seeking to protect the environment through lobbying, activism, & education

Answer 7

environmentalist

Question 8

an indicator that describes the current state of an environmental system

Answer 8

environmental indicator

Question 9

the processes by which life-supporting resources such as clean water, timber, fisheries, & agricultural crops are produced

Answer 9

ecosystem services

Question 10

diversity of life forms in an environment

Answer 10

biodiversity

Question 11

measure of genetic variation among individuals in a population

Answer 11

genetic diversity

Question 12

a group of organisms that is distinct from other groups in its morphology, behavior, or biochemical properties

Answer 12

species

Question 13

the number of species in a region or in a particular ecosystem

Answer 13

species diversity

Question 14

the evolution of new species; happens very slowly

Answer 14

speciation

Question 15

average rate at which species become extinct over the long term

Answer 15

background extinction rate

Question 16

gases in Earth’s atmosphere that traps heat near the surface

Answer 16

greenhouse gases

Question 17

derived from human activities

Answer 17

anthropogenic

Question 18

improvement in human well-being through economic advancement

Answer 18

development

Question 19

living on Earth in a way that allows humans to use its resources

Answer 19

sustainability

Question 20

development that balances current human well-being & economic advancement with resource management for the benefit of future generations

Answer 20

sustainable development

Question 21

love of life

Answer 21

biophilia

Question 22

a measure of how much an individual consumes, expressed in area of land

Answer 22

ecological footprint

Question 23

an objective method to explore the natural world, draw inferences from it, & predict the outcome of certain events, processes, or changes- generally accepted

Answer 23

scientific method

Question 24

a testable conjecture about how something works

Answer 24

hypothesis

Question 25

data collection procedure of taking repeated measurements

Answer 25

replication

Question 26

number of times a measurement is replicated in data collection

Answer 26

sample size (n)

Question 27

a hypothesis that has been repeatedly tested & confirmed by multiple groups of researchers & has reached wide acceptance

Answer 27

theory

Question 28

a group that experiences exactly the same conditions as the experimental group except for the single variable under study

Answer 28

control group

Question 29

a natural event that acts as an experimental treatment in an ecosystem

Answer 29

natural experiment