growth disorders Flashcards
give 3 examples of growth disorders characterised by too little growth
- agenesis
- aplasia
- hypoplasia
what is agenesis?
organ does not develop at all
what is aplasia?
organ fails to develop normal structure from primitive embryonic structure
what is hypoplasia?
less tissue formed but normal structure
give 4 example of growth disorders characterised by too much growth
- hamartoma
- haemangioma
- lymphangioma
- naevus
what is hamartoma?
tumour like growth, occurs excessively only in patients growth period
what is lymphangioma?
malformation of lymphatic system characterised by lesions
what is haemangioma?
collection of BVs under the skin,
what is a naevus?
mole - neoplasia and hyperplasia of melanocytes
give 2 examples of a growth disorders characterised by something growing in the wrong place
- meckels diverticulum
- ectopic tooth
what does ectopic refer to?
malposition of organ or other body part
what is meckels diverticulum?
outpouching of small intestine
a decrease in the number/size of a cell is known as?
atrophy
what is atrophy?
a decrease in the number/size of a cell
what is hypertrophy?
increase in cell size
an increase in cell size is known as?
hypertrophy
what is hyperplasia?
increase in number of cells
an increase in number of cells is known as?
hyperplasia
what is metaplasia?
change in cell type from one type of tissue to another type of tissue in the same group
a change in cell type from one type of tissue to another type of tissue in the same group is known as?
metaplasia
what is dysplasia?
abnormal cell growth pattern that could become malignant
an abnormal cell growth pattern that could become malignant is known as?
dysplasia
what is atrophic mandible?
if all teeth removed, mandible retracts
osteoporosis is a growth disorder caused by which type of cell change?
atrophy
atrophy may occur as a result of?
- reduction in structure components
- imbalance of cell loss and production
- apoptosis
hyperplasia may occur as a result of?
- growth factor driven proliferation
- increased cell output
- liver regeneration
which virus is capable of inducing hyperplasia?
HPV
pure hypertrophy occurs in which cells?
those with limited mitotic ability (i.e muscle)
what may cause goitre?
- iodine deficiency
- decreased thyroid hormone’
- compensatory increase of thyroid stimulating hormone
what type of metaplasia often occurs in smokers ?
ciliated columnar to squamous
what change in epilthelium occurs during barrels oesophagus?
stratified squamous to columnar
what is neoplasia?
abnormal mass of tissue caused by excessive growth
which virus can induce epithelial hyperplasia?
HPV
