defence cells Flashcards
what type of disease id periodontal disease?
chronic inflammatory disease
periodontal disease involves destruction of which two things?
soft and hard tissues supporting the teeth
what is the initiating factor of periodontal disease?
plaque
where do most defence cells originate?
bone marrow
which cells do all blood cells derive from?
haematopoetic stem cells
haematopoetic stem cells give rise to 2 more limited developmental lineages, what are these?
lymphoid and myeloid
what are 3 common myeloid precursors?
- macrophages
- neutrophils
- RBCs
what are the 2 lymphoid precursors?
T and B cells
which cell is both lymphoid and myeloid?
dendritic
what is the function of macrophages?
- phagocytosis,
- activate bactericidal mechanisms,
- antigen presenting
what is the function of dendritic cells?
- antigen presenting to T cells
- link between adaptive and innate immunity
- phagocytosis
what is the function of neutrophils?
- phagocytosis
- activate bactericidal mechanisms
- 1st line of defence at infection
- short lived
- granulocytes
what is the function of eosinophils?
Involved in allergic reactions; defence vs parasites
what is the function of basophil?
Circulating mast cells. Produce heparin, histamine, anti parasitic
what is the function of mast cell?
- release granules containing histamine
antigen presenting cells degrade antigens into?
linear peptides
linear peptides attach to cell surface attached to which molecule?
Major Histocompatibilty complex (MHC) class i or class ii
where are t cells derived from and where do they mature?
derived from bone marrow and mature in thymus
where are t and b cells found in large amounts?
lymphoid organs
t cells recognise peptides presented by antigen prestige cells through which molecules?
t cell receptors (TCR)
diversity in T Cell Receptors allows for ?
potential to respond to numerous antigens
t cells can be divided into 2 subsets, what are these?
CD8+ and CD4+
CD molecules are involved in antigen presentation, CD8+ T cells interact with which molecule?
MHC class i
CD molecules are involved in antigen presentation, CD4+ T cells interact with which molecule?
MHC class ii
what is the function of CD8+ T cells?
cytotoxic T cells - destroy infected self cells
what is the function of CD4+ T cells?
T helper cells - immune protection, help support and modulate immune responses
CD4+ T cells start their life as which kind of t cell?
naive t cells
CD4+ T cells can be divided into 5 types, what are these?
TH1 cells TH2 cells TH17 cells TFH cells Treg cells
what is the function of TH1 t cells?
support macrophages to destroy intracellular microbes
what is the function of TH2 t cells?
produce cytokines which recruit and activate mast cells, eosinophils ad promote barrier immunity at mucosal surfaces
what is the function of TH17 t cells?
secrete IL-17 family cytokines that induce local immune cells to release cytokines and chemokines
what is the function of TFH t cells?
induce specific B cell repossess
what is the function of Treg t cells?
suppress T cell activity to prevent autoimmunity
which molecule on a B cell allows it to recognise antigens?
B cell receptor (BCR)
what molecule contained on the B cell is the actual antibody?
b cell receptor
once activated, which cells do b cells turn into?
plasma cell
what do plasma cells do?
churn out lots off antibodies against a specific antigen
what 3 things does b cell activation ultimately leads to?
- memory generation
- antibody production
- activate t cells
what are NK cells?
large cells with granules, recognise and kill abnormal cells, hold back virus until adaptive immunity kicks in
which cells are phagocytic?
- macrophages,
- dendritic cells,
- mast cells
- neutrophils
which cells are antigen presenting?
- macrophages
- dendritc
- b cells
which cells fight parasites?
- eosinophils
- basophils
which cells are involved in allergic response?
- basophil
- mast cell
which cells are involved in adaptive immunity?
b and t cells
