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pathology 1 > defence cells > Flashcards

defence cells Flashcards

1
Q

what type of disease id periodontal disease?

A

chronic inflammatory disease

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2
Q

periodontal disease involves destruction of which two things?

A

soft and hard tissues supporting the teeth

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3
Q

what is the initiating factor of periodontal disease?

A

plaque

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4
Q

where do most defence cells originate?

A

bone marrow

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5
Q

which cells do all blood cells derive from?

A

haematopoetic stem cells

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6
Q

haematopoetic stem cells give rise to 2 more limited developmental lineages, what are these?

A

lymphoid and myeloid

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7
Q

what are 3 common myeloid precursors?

A
  • macrophages
  • neutrophils
  • RBCs
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8
Q

what are the 2 lymphoid precursors?

A

T and B cells

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9
Q

which cell is both lymphoid and myeloid?

A

dendritic

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10
Q

what is the function of macrophages?

A
  • phagocytosis,
  • activate bactericidal mechanisms,
  • antigen presenting
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11
Q

what is the function of dendritic cells?

A
  • antigen presenting to T cells
  • link between adaptive and innate immunity
  • phagocytosis
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12
Q

what is the function of neutrophils?

A
  • phagocytosis
  • activate bactericidal mechanisms
  • 1st line of defence at infection
  • short lived
  • granulocytes
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13
Q

what is the function of eosinophils?

A

Involved in allergic reactions; defence vs parasites

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14
Q

what is the function of basophil?

A

Circulating mast cells. Produce heparin, histamine, anti parasitic

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15
Q

what is the function of mast cell?

A
  • release granules containing histamine
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16
Q

antigen presenting cells degrade antigens into?

A

linear peptides

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17
Q

linear peptides attach to cell surface attached to which molecule?

A

Major Histocompatibilty complex (MHC) class i or class ii

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18
Q

where are t cells derived from and where do they mature?

A

derived from bone marrow and mature in thymus

19
Q

where are t and b cells found in large amounts?

A

lymphoid organs

20
Q

t cells recognise peptides presented by antigen prestige cells through which molecules?

A

t cell receptors (TCR)

21
Q

diversity in T Cell Receptors allows for ?

A

potential to respond to numerous antigens

22
Q

t cells can be divided into 2 subsets, what are these?

A

CD8+ and CD4+

23
Q

CD molecules are involved in antigen presentation, CD8+ T cells interact with which molecule?

A

MHC class i

24
Q

CD molecules are involved in antigen presentation, CD4+ T cells interact with which molecule?

A

MHC class ii

25
Q

what is the function of CD8+ T cells?

A

cytotoxic T cells - destroy infected self cells

26
Q

what is the function of CD4+ T cells?

A

T helper cells - immune protection, help support and modulate immune responses

27
Q

CD4+ T cells start their life as which kind of t cell?

A

naive t cells

28
Q

CD4+ T cells can be divided into 5 types, what are these?

A 
TH1 cells
TH2 cells
TH17 cells
TFH cells
Treg cells
29
Q

what is the function of TH1 t cells?

A

support macrophages to destroy intracellular microbes

30
Q

what is the function of TH2 t cells?

A

produce cytokines which recruit and activate mast cells, eosinophils ad promote barrier immunity at mucosal surfaces

31
Q

what is the function of TH17 t cells?

A

secrete IL-17 family cytokines that induce local immune cells to release cytokines and chemokines

32
Q

what is the function of TFH t cells?

A

induce specific B cell repossess

33
Q

what is the function of Treg t cells?

A

suppress T cell activity to prevent autoimmunity

34
Q

which molecule on a B cell allows it to recognise antigens?

A

B cell receptor (BCR)

35
Q

what molecule contained on the B cell is the actual antibody?

A

b cell receptor

36
Q

once activated, which cells do b cells turn into?

A

plasma cell

37
Q

what do plasma cells do?

A

churn out lots off antibodies against a specific antigen

38
Q

what 3 things does b cell activation ultimately leads to?

A
  • memory generation
  • antibody production
  • activate t cells
39
Q

what are NK cells?

A

large cells with granules, recognise and kill abnormal cells, hold back virus until adaptive immunity kicks in

40
Q

which cells are phagocytic?

A
  • macrophages,
  • dendritic cells,
  • mast cells
  • neutrophils
41
Q

which cells are antigen presenting?

A
  • macrophages
  • dendritc
  • b cells
42
Q

which cells fight parasites?

A
  • eosinophils

- basophils

43
Q

which cells are involved in allergic response?

A
  • basophil

- mast cell

44
Q

which cells are involved in adaptive immunity?

A

b and t cells

pathology 1 (13 decks)

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