defence cells

Question 1

what type of disease id periodontal disease?

Answer 1

chronic inflammatory disease

Question 2

periodontal disease involves destruction of which two things?

Answer 2

soft and hard tissues supporting the teeth

Question 3

what is the initiating factor of periodontal disease?

Answer 3

plaque

Question 4

where do most defence cells originate?

Answer 4

bone marrow

Question 5

which cells do all blood cells derive from?

Answer 5

haematopoetic stem cells

Question 6

haematopoetic stem cells give rise to 2 more limited developmental lineages, what are these?

Answer 6

lymphoid and myeloid

Question 7

what are 3 common myeloid precursors?

Answer 7

• macrophages
• neutrophils
• RBCs

Question 8

what are the 2 lymphoid precursors?

Answer 8

T and B cells

Question 9

which cell is both lymphoid and myeloid?

Answer 9

dendritic

Question 10

what is the function of macrophages?

Answer 10

• phagocytosis,
• activate bactericidal mechanisms,
• antigen presenting

Question 11

what is the function of dendritic cells?

Answer 11

• antigen presenting to T cells
• link between adaptive and innate immunity
• phagocytosis

Question 12

what is the function of neutrophils?

Answer 12

• phagocytosis
• activate bactericidal mechanisms
• 1st line of defence at infection
• short lived
• granulocytes

Question 13

what is the function of eosinophils?

Answer 13

Involved in allergic reactions; defence vs parasites

Question 14

what is the function of basophil?

Answer 14

Circulating mast cells. Produce heparin, histamine, anti parasitic

Question 15

what is the function of mast cell?

Answer 15

• release granules containing histamine

Question 16

antigen presenting cells degrade antigens into?

Answer 16

linear peptides

Question 17

linear peptides attach to cell surface attached to which molecule?

Answer 17

Major Histocompatibilty complex (MHC) class i or class ii

Question 18

where are t cells derived from and where do they mature?

Answer 18

derived from bone marrow and mature in thymus

Question 19

where are t and b cells found in large amounts?

Answer 19

lymphoid organs

Question 20

t cells recognise peptides presented by antigen prestige cells through which molecules?

Answer 20

t cell receptors (TCR)

Question 21

diversity in T Cell Receptors allows for ?

Answer 21

potential to respond to numerous antigens

Question 22

t cells can be divided into 2 subsets, what are these?

Answer 22

CD8+ and CD4+

Question 23

CD molecules are involved in antigen presentation, CD8+ T cells interact with which molecule?

Answer 23

MHC class i

Question 24

CD molecules are involved in antigen presentation, CD4+ T cells interact with which molecule?

Answer 24

MHC class ii

Question 25

what is the function of CD8+ T cells?

Answer 25

cytotoxic T cells - destroy infected self cells

Question 26

what is the function of CD4+ T cells?

Answer 26

T helper cells - immune protection, help support and modulate immune responses

Question 27

CD4+ T cells start their life as which kind of t cell?

Answer 27

naive t cells

Question 28

CD4+ T cells can be divided into 5 types, what are these?

Answer 28

``` TH1 cells TH2 cells TH17 cells TFH cells Treg cells ```

Question 29

what is the function of TH1 t cells?

Answer 29

support macrophages to destroy intracellular microbes

Question 30

what is the function of TH2 t cells?

Answer 30

produce cytokines which recruit and activate mast cells, eosinophils ad promote barrier immunity at mucosal surfaces

Question 31

what is the function of TH17 t cells?

Answer 31

secrete IL-17 family cytokines that induce local immune cells to release cytokines and chemokines

Question 32

what is the function of TFH t cells?

Answer 32

induce specific B cell repossess

Question 33

what is the function of Treg t cells?

Answer 33

suppress T cell activity to prevent autoimmunity

Question 34

which molecule on a B cell allows it to recognise antigens?

Answer 34

B cell receptor (BCR)

Question 35

what molecule contained on the B cell is the actual antibody?

Answer 35

b cell receptor

Question 36

once activated, which cells do b cells turn into?

Answer 36

plasma cell

Question 37

what do plasma cells do?

Answer 37

churn out lots off antibodies against a specific antigen

Question 38

what 3 things does b cell activation ultimately leads to?

Answer 38

- memory generation - antibody production - activate t cells

Question 39

what are NK cells?

Answer 39

large cells with granules, recognise and kill abnormal cells, hold back virus until adaptive immunity kicks in

Question 40

which cells are phagocytic?

Answer 40

- macrophages, - dendritic cells, - mast cells - neutrophils

Question 41

which cells are antigen presenting?

Answer 41

- macrophages - dendritc - b cells

Question 42

which cells fight parasites?

Answer 42

- eosinophils | - basophils

Question 43

which cells are involved in allergic response?

Answer 43

- basophil | - mast cell

Question 44

which cells are involved in adaptive immunity?

Answer 44

b and t cells