Bacterial pathogenicity

Question 1

what are pathogenic bacteria?

Answer 1

bacteria that cause disease

Question 2

what is a commensal organism?

Answer 2

organism in normal flora

Question 3

what is pathogenicity?

Answer 3

ability to cause disease

Question 4

what is virulence?

Answer 4

ability to cause severe disease

Question 5

what are micro-organisms?

Answer 5

agents of infectious disease that are ubiquitous (found everywhere), most are harmless

Question 6

give examples of microorganisms?

Answer 6

bacteria, fungi, virus, prion, parasite

Question 7

what is colonisation?

Answer 7

when a microbe multiplies in a host

Question 8

if a microbe form an individuals flora causes disease, the disease is said to be?

Answer 8

endogenous infection

Question 9

if a microbe from outwit a patients body causes infection, the infection is said to be a?

Answer 9

exogenous infection

Question 10

what does Koch’s Postulates or germ theory of disease ultimately show?

Answer 10

1 organism causes a particular disease

Question 11

how may infection be transmitted?

Answer 11

• person to person
• fomites (object carrying infection)
• insect
• water
• food

Question 12

how are prokaryotic cells different from eukaryotic?

Answer 12

Prokaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelle.

Question 13

what is the prokaryotic capsule?

Answer 13

polysaccharide layer that lies outside the cell envelope of bacteria

Question 14

what are fibre and what do they do?

Answer 14

arms- attach to specific surfaces

Question 15

what is the function of a flagellum?

Answer 15

allow prokaryote to swim

Question 16

pili are present in which type of bacteria?

Answer 16

gram negative

Question 17

what are pili?

Answer 17

hair-like appendage found on the surface of many bacteria, they allow bacterial attachment

Question 18

describe the structure of pili?

Answer 18

hollow core

Question 19

which microbe accounts for the majority of urinary tract infections (UTI)?

Answer 19

E coli

Question 20

what is the main defence to UTIs?

Answer 20

flushing action of urine

Question 21

which protein binds specific e coli strains?

Answer 21

Tamm Horsfall protein

Question 22

give examples of encapsulated infections?

Answer 22

meningitides, pneumonia, otitis media, sinusitis

Question 23

what is the function of a capsule on prokaryotic cell?

Answer 23

immune evasion, adhesion

Question 24

what are produced inside gram positive bacteria as part of growth and metabolism?

Answer 24

exotoxins

Question 25

what are exotoxins?

Answer 25

toxins produced inside gram positive bacteria as part of growth and metabolism

Question 26

toxins that are part of gram negative bacterial cell walls and are liberated when bacteria die are known as?

Answer 26

endotoxins

Question 27

what are endotoxins?

Answer 27

toxins that are part of gram negative bacterial cell walls and are liberated when bacteria die

Question 28

give a example of an endotoxin

Answer 28

lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Question 29

what is more potent, exotoxins or endotoxins?

Answer 29

exotoxins