Bacterial pathogenicity Flashcards

1
Q

what are pathogenic bacteria?

A

bacteria that cause disease

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2
Q

what is a commensal organism?

A

organism in normal flora

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3
Q

what is pathogenicity?

A

ability to cause disease

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4
Q

what is virulence?

A

ability to cause severe disease

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5
Q

what are micro-organisms?

A

agents of infectious disease that are ubiquitous (found everywhere), most are harmless

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6
Q

give examples of microorganisms?

A

bacteria, fungi, virus, prion, parasite

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7
Q

what is colonisation?

A

when a microbe multiplies in a host

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8
Q

if a microbe form an individuals flora causes disease, the disease is said to be?

A

endogenous infection

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9
Q

if a microbe from outwit a patients body causes infection, the infection is said to be a?

A

exogenous infection

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10
Q

what does Koch’s Postulates or germ theory of disease ultimately show?

A

1 organism causes a particular disease

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11
Q

how may infection be transmitted?

A
  • person to person
  • fomites (object carrying infection)
  • insect
  • water
  • food
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12
Q

how are prokaryotic cells different from eukaryotic?

A

Prokaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelle.

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13
Q

what is the prokaryotic capsule?

A

polysaccharide layer that lies outside the cell envelope of bacteria

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14
Q

what are fibre and what do they do?

A

arms- attach to specific surfaces

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15
Q

what is the function of a flagellum?

A

allow prokaryote to swim

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16
Q

pili are present in which type of bacteria?

A

gram negative

17
Q

what are pili?

A

hair-like appendage found on the surface of many bacteria, they allow bacterial attachment

18
Q

describe the structure of pili?

A

hollow core

19
Q

which microbe accounts for the majority of urinary tract infections (UTI)?

A

E coli

20
Q

what is the main defence to UTIs?

A

flushing action of urine

21
Q

which protein binds specific e coli strains?

A

Tamm Horsfall protein

22
Q

give examples of encapsulated infections?

A

meningitides, pneumonia, otitis media, sinusitis

23
Q

what is the function of a capsule on prokaryotic cell?

A

immune evasion, adhesion

24
Q

what are produced inside gram positive bacteria as part of growth and metabolism?

A

exotoxins

25
Q

what are exotoxins?

A

toxins produced inside gram positive bacteria as part of growth and metabolism

26
Q

toxins that are part of gram negative bacterial cell walls and are liberated when bacteria die are known as?

A

endotoxins

27
Q

what are endotoxins?

A

toxins that are part of gram negative bacterial cell walls and are liberated when bacteria die

28
Q

give a example of an endotoxin

A

lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

29
Q

what is more potent, exotoxins or endotoxins?

A

exotoxins