Growth and Development at Puberty Flashcards
When do the male and female become anatomically distinguishable?
(Hall, 2021)
- when the gonads, ovaries, and testes develop as oart of the urogenital system in week 7 of foetal life
- if a Y chromosome is present the foetus will be male if only X chromosomes present female
What is the secretion of testosterone early in foetal life responsible for?
(Hall, 2021)
- the development of male characteristics
- formation of the scrotum, penis, prostate glands, seminal vesicles, and male genital duct
- supresses the formation of female genital organs
What happens in the absence of testosterone?
(Hall, 2021)
- the female genital organs develop
- these are fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, and clitoris
- minimum quantities of oestrogen are secreted at this time
Discuss the hormones involved in the development of the female urogenital system.
(Hall, 2021)
has three hierarchies of hormones
- Gonadotripin releasing hormone (GnRH)
- Anterior pituitary sex hormones, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and lutenizing hormone (LH) secreted in response to GnRH
- Oestrogen and progesterone secreted in response to FSH and LH.
the rhythmic pattern of hormone secretion controls the femaly monthly sexual and menstral cycle
What are the functions of the female monthly sexual cycle?
(Hall, 2021)
has two functions: to release an ovum and prepare the uterine endometrium for implamntation of fertilised ovum
begins at puberty and continues through the womens life until menopause
What is folicile-stimulating hormone in relation to female development?
(Hall, 2021)
- produced by the pituitary gland
- stimulates growth, development and maturation of ovarian follicles. Each follicle contains an oocyte (immature egg)
- as the follicles grow they produce oestrogen which preps the body for ovulation and regulates the mensteral cycle
What is luteinizing hormone in relation to female development?
(Hall, 2021)
- produced by the pituitary gland
- triggers ovulation as LH levels rise rapdily in the middle of the mensteral cycle
- after ovulation LH stimulates the empty follicle to produce progesterone to prepare the uterine lining for egg implantation
How does the female body change in puberty?
(Hall, 2021)
- oestrogen secretion increases and sex organs (ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus) all increase in size
- extrenal genitalia enlarge (mons pubis and labia majora), labia minora enlarges and the vagina becomes more resistant to wear and tear
- oestrogen, progesterone, and prolactin initiates the growth of breasts and capacity to produce milk
- oestrogen stimulates bone growth through reabsorption and deposition of fat in breasts, hips, and buttocks
- hair growth increases
Discuss the hormones involved in the development of the male urogenital system.
(Hall, 2021)
has three hierarchies of hormones
- Gonadotripin releasing hormone (GnRH)
- Anterior pituitary sex hormones, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and lutenizing hormone (LH) secreted in response to GnRH
- Testosterone and other androgens secreted in respnse to FSH and LH
What is the role of FSH in male development?
(Hall, 2021)
- primarily responsible for stimulating the production and development of sperm cells (spermatogenesis) within the seminiferous tubules of the testes.
- FSH also plays a role in maintaining the structure and function of the testes.
What is the role of LH in male development?
(Hall, 2021)
- responsible for stimulating the production of testosterone by the Leydig cells
- Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone and is essential for the development and maintenance of male reproductive tissues, including the testes and prostate, as well as secondary sexual characteristics like facial hair and muscle mass.
- LH secretion is regulated by the hypothalamus through the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).
How does the male body change in puberty?
(Hall, 2021)
- largely under the control of testosterone
- causes the penis, scrotum, and testes to enlarge and secondary sexual characteristcs to develop giving characteristic male shape
- testosterone increases bone matix to retain more calcium, affecting the skeletal system
- also increases protein formation, muscle development, voice and hair growth
- causes hair growth on more areas of the body than in females and causes it to be more prolific. decreased testosterone secretion decreases the growth of hair on head leading to baldness
- enlargement of the larynx causes deeper voice
- testosterone increases secretion if sebaceous glands increasing likliehood of acne
How does the brain change during adolescence?
(Blakemore, 2012)
- brain undergoes significant changes during adolescence affecting behaviour, decison-making, and social interactions.
- prefrontal corext changes most dramatically infleuncing impluse control, planning, decision making, self-awareness and how its development impacts risk taking behaviour
- rapid fluxations in emotions and mood in adolescence, is attributed to this age group having less
capacity to regulate heightened emotional reactivity - social factors like peer pressure also influence brain development
- important to consider as may help understand a young person’s thought processes and behaviours
List some references for growth and development at puberty.
- (Hall, 2021)
- (Blakemore, 2012)
