Growth and Development 1 Flashcards
Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development: Birth-2 years old (Stage and Developmental phenomena)
Sensorimotor stage- experiencing the world through senses and actions
Developmental phenomena: object permanence and stranger anxiety
Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development: 2-6 years old (Stage and Developmental phenomena)
Preoperational stage- representing things with words and images
Developmental phenomena: pretend play, egocentrism, and language development
Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development: 7-11 years old (Stage and Developmental phenomena)
Concerte operational stage- thinking logically about concrete events and grasping concrete analogies
Developmental phenomena: conservation, mathematical transformation
Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development: 12 y/o-adulthood (Stage and Developmental phenomena)
Formal operational- thinking about hypothetical scenarios and processing abstract thoughts
Developmental phenomena: abstract logic, potential for mature moral reasoning
Stages of Play: Solitary/independent play (3)
- More common in younger children (~2-3 years old or younger)
- Uninterested in or is unaware of what others are doing
- Child is alone and maintains focus on its activity
Stages of Play: Parallel play (5)
- Can be observed after the first birthday but is more common in 2-3 year olds
- A form of play in which children play adjacent to each other, but do not try to influence one another’s behavior
- Children usually play alone during parallel play but are interested in what other children are doing
- Adjacent play, social coaction
- Stage between socially immature solitary and onlooker type of play to a more socially mature associative and cooperative type of play
Stages of Play: Associative play (3)
- Preschoolers
- No organized activity but the child is interested in playing but does not coordinate their activity with others
- Substantial amount of interaction involved, but the activities are not in sync
Stages of Play: Cooperative play (4)
- Uncommon in preschoolers and Kindergarten years, because it requires more social maturity and more advanced organization skills
- Child wants to play with people and likes the activity
- Increased self identification with a group and group identity emerges
- Organized, with assigned roles
What should an infant be able to do between birth and one month of age? (2)
- Respond to sound at birth
2. Grasp reflex/fisted hand, lifts head in prone position, stares at face by one month
What should an infant be able to do at 2-3 months of age? (4)
- Good head control, grasp and shake rattle
- Smile and coo
- Follows objects past midline, lifts head 45 degrees in prone position
- May reach for object/person at 3 months
What should an infant be able to do at 4-5 months of age? (5)
- Put foot into mouth, puts objects into mouth
- Rolls front to back
- Reaches for object/person
- Brings hand past midline
- Laughs/expressive delight, smiles
What should an infant be able to do at 5-6 months of age? (5)
- Babbles with consonant sounds
- Rolls back to front
- Hand to hand object transfer
- Sits with support by 6 months
- May unilaterally reach or raking grasp by 6 months
What should an infant be able to do at 7-9 months of age? (6)
- Sits alone by 7-8 months
- Finger feeding, may have pincer grasp at 8-9 months
- Says “dada” “mama”, nonspecific
- Pulls to stand
- Feeds self by 9 months
- Understands no at 7-10 months
What should an infant be able to do at 9-12 months of age? (9)
- Creeps/crawls at 9-10 months
- Pulls to stand/cruises at 11-12 months
- Plays simple games: pat a cake at 9-10 months, marks on paper with crayon at 10-12 months
- Understands no at 9-10 months,
- undetsands 2-4 words beside mama/dada at 11-12 months
- Helps turn book pages, releases object when requested
- Stands independently, walks holding on
- Points to wants
- Wave bye-bye at 8-9 months
What should an infant be able to do at 12-15 months of age? (6)
- Stands alone, walks forward, may walk backward at 14 months
- Stacks 2 blocks
- Turns book pages
- Jabbering at 12-13 months
- One finger declarative point
- 15 months: indicates wants, may name objects, several words, walks alone, hugs parents
What should an infant be able to do at 16-18 months of age? (4)
- Walks forwards and backwards by 16 months, walks up steps with assistance
- Uses eating utensils
- Stacks 3 blocks by 17-18 months
- Begins to point to body parts ~15-18 months
What should an infant be able to do at 18-22 months of age? (3)
- Simple puzzles
- Walks up and down steps alone at 22-24 months
- 2 word phrases/sentences
What should a 2 year old be doing? (12)
- Jumps with both feet
- Circular scribbling may imitate line by 2.5 years old
- Stacks 8 blocks
- Thumb wiggle
- Balance on each foot
- 30-50 words/3 word sentences
- Utilizes a fork and spoon
- Speaks 2 word sentences and follows 2 step commands
- Participates in 2 person parallel play
- Goes up and down steps
- Runs, climbs, opens doors, listens to stories, helps to undress
- Walks up steps one at a time
What should a 3 year old be doing? (18)
- Build a tower of 9-10 cubes
- Imitates three cube bridge
- Puts on shoes
- Feeds self
- Balances on one foot 2-3 seconds
- Goes up and down alternating steps by 30 month
- Names three primary colors
- Recognizes self in mirror and says “that is me”
- Answers some “why” questions
- Gives 3 objects from a group-conceptual skill
- Copies circle
- Walks on tip toes at 3.5 years
- Counts 3 objects
- Knows age/sex
- Rides tricycle, stands on one feet
- Parallel play
- Washes hands
- Helps to dress
What should a 4 year old be doing? (18)
- Catches bouncing ball and can throw a ball
- Stands on one foot for 5 seconds
- Walks down stairs alternating
- Throws ball underhand
- Gives 4 objects from a group
- Stands on one foot and raises the other
- Draws square
- Puts 4 sentences together in a connected group
- Hops and can hop on one foot
- Heel to toe walking
- Draws person with 6 parts at 4.5 years old
- Picks the longer of 2 lines
- Copies a cross
- Tells stories
- Counts 4 objects
- Uses scissors to cut pictures
- Interactive play
- Uses toilet alone*
What should a 5 year old be doing? (
- Copies triangle
- Draws a person with 5-6 parts
- Names colors
- Counts to 10
- Skips successfully and hops 5 times
- Asks the meaning of words
- Dresses and undresses
- Bathes self
- Opens lock with key
- Cuts out simple shapes
What is the order of tooth eruption? (5)
- Lower (and) central incisors then maxillary central incisors
- Lower lateral incisors then maxillary lateral incisor
- Cuspids (canines)
- 1st molars
- 2nd molars
Pneumonic device to learn order of tooth eruption
Mama Is In Pain, Papa, Can Make Medicine:
1st Molar: 6 years 1st Incisor: 7 years 2nd Incisor: 8 years 1st Premolar: 9 years 2nd Premolar: 10 years Canine: 11 years 2nd Molar: 12 years 3rd Molar: 18-25 years
Freud: Oral phase (4)
- Birth-18 months old
- Primary focus is the mouth (sucking/eating)
- Major conflict: weaning
- Focused on the self with little differentiation from others
