Cardiac Flashcards
CHARGE is associated with what heart defect
ASD, VSD
DiGeorge is associated with what heart defect
aortic arch anomalies, tetralogy
Downs is associated with what heart defect
AV canal, AV septal defects, VSD
Marfan is associated with what heart defect
aortic root dissection, MVP
Noonan is associated with what heart defect
PS, ASD
Turner is associated with what heart defect
Coarc of the aorta
Williams is associated with what heart defect
Supravalvular stenosis
What are the s/s of CHF? (13)
- Increased resp rate
- poor feeding
- reduced exercise intolerance
- chronic cough
- tachycardia
- organomegaly
- pallor
- mottling
- puffy eyelids
- decreased pulses
- wheezes, rales
- poor weight gain
- cyanosis
What are the major characteristics of tetralogy of Fallot? (4)
- 4 defects = pulmonary stenosis, VSD, overriding aorta, RVH
- harsh ejection murmur with a thrill
- x-ray = boot shaped heart (you wear in the fall)
- TET spells, often in the AM, acute increase in cyanosis with hypernea, leads to limpness, IOC, rarely convulsions
What are major characteristics of transposition of the great vessels? (4)
- Single S1, loud or slightly split S2
- Can have murmur from VSD or PS
- When PDA closes = symptoms (ductal dependent)
- X-ray = egg on string
what are the major characteristics of tricuspid atresia? (3)
- Absent tricuspid valve and underdevelopment right ventricle
- single S1
- Ductal dependent
What are the characteristics of pulmonary atresia? (2)
- no pulmonary valve
2. under-developed right ventricle
Describe the characteristics of a pathologic murmur (6)
- murmur in patient with genetic syndrome
- Diastolic murmur, systolic murmur with thrill or click continuous murmurs that cannot be altered
- Fixed splitting of s2, loud s2 or s4
- High grade
- Harsh in sound
- Radiation
Describe characteristics of an innocent murmur (5)
- usually low grade and will change with positioning
- will vary from visit to visit and with fever, anemia, excitement
- musical or vibratory in sound
- usually systolic, rarely radiation
- Normal VS, EKG, health status
Describe a venous hum (4)
- continuous supraclavicular
- disappears when lying down or turning head
- Constant, swishing sound, soft, no radiation
- On the right upper side of chest
Describe a supraclavicular bruit (4)
- systolic, ejection, high pitched, harsh
- Heard in the supraclavicular fossa, minimal radiation
- Never heard below clavicle
- Not affected by sitting/lying
Describe aortic stenosis (3)
- Thrill at RUSB, ejection click, harsh systolic ejection murmur with rad to neck
- Associated with CHF and LVH
- Bicuspid aortic is commonly associated with this
Describe pulmonic stenosis (4)
- systolic murmur, at LUSB, with a click
- CLick decreases inspiration, increases expiration
- Thrill at LUSB, radiate to the back/sides
- Associated with other defects
Describe a peripheral pulmonic stenosis murmur (4)
- Systolic ejection
- Disappears by 6 mo, lasts longer with Williams syndrome, congenital rubella
- Heard in the chest/axillae, loudest at axillary
- Soft with middle/high pitch
Describe a pulmonary flow murmur (5)
- Short, systolic ejection, louder with expiration
- Upper LSB, RSB, transmits to the back
- All ages, straight back, thin body
- Increases with supine position, cardiac output, fever, anemia
- soft blowing, no click or thrill
What describes a Still’s murmur (3)
- Short, systolic, musical, soft-blowing, virbrating, buzzing, twangy string
- LLSB, louder when supine, disappears with Valsalva
- Common in 3-8 years
What are the s/s and secondary causes of HTN?
5; definition, s/s, primary, secondary, tx
- Increased BP, BP>95% on at least 3 occasions
- s/s - usually asymptomatic, headache, visual problems, dizziness, nosebleeds
- Primary = no known cause, hereditary, stress, obesity
- Secondary = aorta coarct, renal dis., hyperaldosteronism, plasma aldosterone, Cushings
- Tx: weight reduction, exercise, thiazide diuretic, beta blocker, ACE inhibitor, tx underlying disease
What is the clinical definition and criteria for Kawasaki disease? (4)
- Small vessel vasculitis, number 1 cause of coronary heart disease
- Fever, warm swollen erythematous edematous hands and feet, polymorphous rash, cervical lymphadenopathy, mucous membrane changes (strawberry tongue, red lips/gums)
- MUST HAVE 5 = arthritis, EKG changes, v/d, leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, increased ESR, CRP, conjunctival injection
- Increased in males and asains, slightly higher in hispanics
What is the tx of kawasaki disease? (2)
- IV gamma globulin
2. Aspirin to prevent clots
