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chemistry > group 2 and 7 > Flashcards

group 2 and 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a common name given to group 2 metals

A

Alkaline earth metals

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2
Q

What is the most reactive metal of group 2

A

Barium

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3
Q

List 3 physical properties of group 2 metals

A
  • High melting and boiling points
  • Low-density metals
  • Form colourless (white) compounds
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4
Q

What ions does group 2 form in redox reactions?

A

Group 2 lose their two outer electrons to form 2+ ions

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5
Q

The highest energy electrons of group 2 metals are in which subshell?

A

S-subshell

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6
Q

What are the relative reactivities of Group 2 elements in redox reactions with oxygen

A

When group 2 metals are burnt in oxygen, they form solid white oxides.

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7
Q

What are the relative reactivities of Group 2 elements in redox reactions with water

A

The group 2 metals react with water to give metal hydroxide and a hydrogen gas

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8
Q

What are the relative reactivities of Group 2 elements in redox reactions with dilute acids

A

When group 2 metals react with dilute hydrochloric acid, you get a metal chloride and hydrogen gas

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9
Q

What is the trend of reactivity down group 2 metals

A
  • Reactivity increases

- Electrons are lost more easily because larger atomic radius and more shielding

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10
Q

What is the trend in first ionisation energy down group 2

A
  • Decreases
  • Because electron number increases so shielding increases
  • Increases atomic radius so there are weaker nuclear forces
  • So less energy is needed to remove the electron
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11
Q

Which group 2 element reacts very slowly with water?

A

Magnesium

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12
Q

What type of reaction is the reaction between group 2 elements and oxygen?

A

Redox reaction

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13
Q

What type of reaction is the reaction between group 2 metals and water?

A

Redox reaction

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14
Q

What is oxidised and what is reduced in a reaction between group 2 metal and water?

A
  • Metal is oxidised

- One hydrogen atom from each water is reduced

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15
Q

What group 2 metal oxide is insoluble in water?

A

Beryllium oxide

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16
Q

What is the trend in hydroxide solubility down group 2?

A
  • Increases down the group
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17
Q

What is the use of Ca(OH)2

A

Used to neutralise soil

18
Q

What is the use of Mg(OH)2

A
  • Antacid to treat indigestion
19
Q

What is calcium carbonate used for

A
  • Present in limestone and marble

- Used in building construction

20
Q

List 2 properties of halogens

A
  1. Low melting and boiling point

2. Exist as diatomic molecules

21
Q

Explain the trend in the boiling group down group 7

A
  • Increases down the group
  • Because size of the atom increases as more occupied shells
  • Stronger London forces of attraction between molecules, take more energy to overcome
22
Q

Explain the trend in reactivity down group 7

A
  • Reactivity decreases
  • Because atomic radius increases
  • Electron shielding increases
  • Ability to gain an electron and form -1 ions decreases
23
Q

Explain the trend in oxidising ability down the group

A
  • Decreases down the group
  • Cl has the fewest occupied electron shells, and greatest nuclear attraction so it is easiest to gain electrons and be reduced
24
Q

Explain the trend in reducing the ability of the halides down the group

A
  • Increases down the group
  • Iodine has the most occupied electron shells so outer electrons are further from the nucleus, and is the easiest to be oxidised and lose electrons
25
Q

What is the colour of chlorine in water

A

Pale green

26
Q

What is the colour of bromine in water

A

Orange

27
Q

What is the colour of iodine in water

A

Brown

28
Q

What is the colour of chlorine in cyclohexane

A

Pale green

29
Q

What is the colour of bromine in cyclohexane

A

Orange

30
Q

What is the colour of iodine in cyclohexane

A

Violet

31
Q

Define disproportionation

A

When an element is oxidised and reduced at the same time in a redox reaction

32
Q

What type of reaction is the reaction of chlorine with water

A

Disproportionation

33
Q

Why is chlorine added to drinking water

A

It kills the bacteria in the water and makes it safer to drink

34
Q

What is the equation for forming bleach?

A

Cl2 + 2NAOH -> NaCl + NaClO + H2O

35
Q

What is the formula of bleach

A

NaClO

36
Q

What kind of molecules do halogens exist as?

A

Diatomic molecules

37
Q

How can you see the colour change in a displacement reaction with halogens?

A

By adding an organic solvent like hexane, it settles out a distinct layer above the aqueous solution

38
Q

Describe the test for halides

A
  1. Add dilute nitric acid
  2. Add silver nitrate solution
  3. A precipitate of the silver halide is formed
  4. Test results by adding ammonia solution
39
Q

What is observed in the silver test for halides if a chloride ion is present?

A
  • Precipitate colour: white

- Solubility in ammonia: dissolved in dilute NH3

40
Q

What is observed in the silver test for halides if a bromide ion is present?

A
  • Precipitate colour: Cream

- Solubility in ammonia: dissolves in concentration

41
Q

What is observed in the silver test for halides if an iodide ion is present?

A
  • Precipitate colour: Yellow

- Solubility in ammonia: insoluble in concentration

42
Q

What are the alternatives to using chlorine in water and explain them?

A
  1. Ozone
    - A strong oxidising agent which makes it good for killing microorganisms, its expensive to produce and has a short-half life so it’s treatment isn’t permanent
  2. Ultraviolet light
    - It kills microorganisms by damaging their DNA, it is ineffective in cloudy water and it won’t stop the water from being contaminated further down

chemistry (37 decks)

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