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amount of substance Flashcards

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1
Q

State Avogardo’s Law

A

Under the same temperature and pressure, one mole of any gas would occupy the same volume

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2
Q

What are the benefits for sustainability of developing chemical processes with a high atom economy?

A
  1. Less waste product produced, therefore less waste product is needed to be disposed of in the environment
  2. Lower energy demands for reaction conditions are cheaper to run and better for the environment
  3. Non-renewable sources are better for the environment
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3
Q

How do you rearrange the ideal gas equation to work out temperature

A

T = PV / nR

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4
Q

What does atom economy tell us?

A

The proportion of desired products compared with all the products formed in the reaction

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5
Q

What are the ideal ways in which gases behave?

A
  1. They are in continuous motion
  2. No intermolecular forces experienced
  3. Exert a pressure when they collide with each other or container
  4. No kinetic energy is lost in the collisions
  5. When temperature increases, kinetic energy of gases increases
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6
Q

Which type of reaction has 100% atom economy?

A

Addition reactions

two or more reactants are combined to form a product

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7
Q

Does 100% yield mean 100% atom economy and why?

A
  • No
  • Even if all reactants are converted into products, not all products of the reaction will be the desired product
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8
Q

How do you rearrange the ideal gas equation to work out pressure

A

p = (nRT) / V

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9
Q

How do you calculate the moles of a gas?

A

moles = volume (dm3) / 24

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10
Q

How much volume does a gas occupy, at room temperature and pressure?

A

24dm3

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11
Q

What is the equation to calculate solution volume?

A

volume = moles / concentration

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12
Q

What does the Avogardo constant represent

A

The number of atoms per mole of the carbon-12 isotope

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13
Q

How do you rearrange the ideal gas equation to work out moles

A

n = PV / RT

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14
Q

What are the units for the ideal gas equation

A

Pressure = Pa
Volume = m3
Gas constant = 8.314 J mol-1
Temperature = K

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15
Q

What is the pressure and temperature at r.t.p?

A 
Pressure = 100 kPa / 1atm
Temperature = 298 K / 25°C
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16
Q

What is the unit used to measure amount of substance

A

moles

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17
Q

1 atmospheric pressure (atm) is equal to how many pascal (Pa)?

A

1 atm = 101,325 Pa

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18
Q

What is the symbol for amount of substance?

A

n

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19
Q

What are the 4 common state symbols?

A 
(s) = solid
(L) = liquid
(aq) = aqueous
(g) = gaseous
20
Q

How do you calculate the mass of 1 mole of the element?

A

mass = mol x mr

21
Q

0°C is equal to how much kelvin (K)?

A

273 K

22
Q

What does the concentration of a solution mean?

A

It is the amount of solute dissolved in 1 dm3 of solvent

23
Q

How do you rearrange the ideal gas equation to work out volume

A

V = (nRT) / P

24
Q

What is a substitution reaction?

A

A substitution reaction is one where some atoms from one reactant are swapped with atoms from another reactant - it forms at least two products.

25
Q

What do the terms concentrated and dilute mean?

A

Concentrated = large amount of solute per dm3 of solvent

Dilute = small amount of solute per dm3 of solvent

26
Q

What does the percentage yield mean?

A

The efficiency of which reactants are converted into products

27
Q

What is a species in a chemical reaction?

A

Any particle that takes a part in a reaction

28
Q

What are the reasons for not obtaining 100% yield?

A
  1. Reaction may be at equilibrium
  2. The reactants may be impure
  3. Side reactions could occur
  4. Reactants or products may be lost when transferring
  5. Loss of products during seperation and purification
29
Q

What is the ideal gas equation

A

pV = nRT

30
Q

How is atom economy calculated

A

(mr of desired product / sum of all the mr of all the products) x 100

31
Q

Why do different gas particles occupy the same volume?

A

The gas particles are very spread out, hence individual differences have no effect

32
Q

How is percentage yield calculated?

A

(actual amount of product / theoretical amount of product ) x 100

33
Q

What does a low atom economy mean and why is it not ideal?

A
  • Low atom economy means there are waste products produces
  • It costs money to separate the desired product from the waste products and more money to dispose of the products safely
  • Less sustainable, many raw materials are in limited supply. Raw materials come from renewable sources and are better for the environment than materials from non-renewable sources.
34
Q

How do you convert moles into grams?

A

mass = moles x mr

35
Q

Define molar gas volume

A

The volume per mole of gas molecules

36
Q

How do you calculate moles when concentration and volume are given?

A

moles = concentration x volume

37
Q

What is a standard solution?

A

A solution of known concentration

38
Q

How do you calculate moles when mass and mr are given?

A

Moles = mass / mr

39
Q

What is the equation to calculate solution concentration?

A

concentration = moles / volume

40
Q

What is the theoretical yield?

A

Theoretical yield is the mass of product that should be made in a reaction if no chemicals are lost in the process

41
Q

Describe the steps taken to prepare a standard solution

A
  1. Weigh the solute
  2. In a beaker dissolve the solute using the solvent
  3. Pour the solution into a volumetric flask
  4. Rinse the beaker using the solution and add it to the flask
  5. Add solvent to the flask carefully until it reaches the graduation line
  6. Mix the solution thoroughly to ensure complete mixing
42
Q

How do you convert cm3 into m3

A

divide by 1 x 10^6

43
Q

How do you convert dm3 into m3

A

divide by 1000

44
Q

How do you convert °C into K

A

add 273

45
Q

How do you convert kPa into Pa

A

multiply by 1 x 10^6

chemistry (37 decks)

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