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chemistry > alcohols > Flashcards

alcohols Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the functional group of an alcohol

A

Hydroxyl group

-OH

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2
Q

What is the general formula of an alcohol

A

CnH2n+1OH

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3
Q

How do you name alcohols (1 prefix, 1 suffix)

A

Hydroxyl-
or
-ol

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4
Q

What kind of intermolecular forces do alcohols have and why?

A

Hydrogen boding due to the electronegativity difference in the OH bond

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5
Q

How do alcohols’ melting point and boiling point compare to other hydrocarbons’ of similar carbon chain lengths, why?

A
  • Higher boiling and melting points

- Because they have hydrogen bonding which is the strongest type of intermolecular force

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6
Q

Are alcohols soluble in water? Why does solubility depend on chain length?

A
  • Soluble when short chain, OH hydrogen bonds to hydrogen bond in water
  • Insoluble when long chain, non-polarity of C-H bond takes precedence
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7
Q

What makes an alcohol primary?

A

C bonded to OH is only bonded to one other C atom

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8
Q

What makes an alcohol secondary?

A

C bonded to OH is bonded to 2 other C atoms

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9
Q

What makes an alcohol tertiary?

A

C bonded to OH is bonded to 3 other C atoms

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10
Q

What forms if you partially oxidise (distil) a primary alcohol?

A

An aldehyde

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11
Q

What conditions are needed to partially oxidise (distil) primary alcohol?

A

Dilute sulphuric acid, potassium dichromate (VI), distill product as its produced and gentle heating

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12
Q

What formed if you fully oxidise (reflux) a primary alcohol?

A

A carboxylic acid

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13
Q

What conditions are needed to fully oxidise a primary alcohol?

A
  • Concentrated sulphuric acid, potassium dichromate (VI), strong heating
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14
Q

What forms if you oxidise (reflux) secondary alcohol?

A

A ketone

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15
Q

What conditions are needed for the oxidation (reflux) of a secondary alcohol?

A
  • Concentrated sulphuric acid, potassium dichromate (VI), strong heating
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16
Q

Is it possible to oxidise a tertiary alcohol?

A

No

17
Q

What is a dehydration reaction

A

A reaction where water is lost to form an organic compound

18
Q

What are the products of dehydration reaction of alcohol?

A

Alkene and water

19
Q

What are the conditions required for dehydration of alcohol

A

Concentrated sulphuric acid or concentrated phosphoric acid and 170 C

20
Q

What are the products of the halide substitution reaction with alcohol?

A

Haloalkane and water

21
Q

In what form is the halide used in halide substitution reaction?

A

In the form of a hydrogen halide (e.g. HBr)

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