Group 15 Elements

Question 1

; reflecting the changing nature of the elements when descending within the group from nonmetal to metal.

Answer 1

appearance varies widely

Question 2

colorless and odorless gas.

Answer 2

Nitrogen

Question 3

white, red and black solids

Answer 3

Phosphorous

Question 4

yellow and grey solids

Answer 4

arsenic

Question 5

metallic grey form

Answer 5

Antimony

Question 6

white crystalline metal

Answer 6

bismuth

Question 7

Nitrogen makes up _____ (by volume) of air

Answer 7

78%

Question 8

found in several minerals and ores.

Answer 8

Phosphorus

Question 9

essential constituent of plants and animals, present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), bones, teeth and other components of high biological importance.

Answer 9

Phosphorus

Question 10

Phosphorus does not occur in its elemental state in nature; deposited as _______

Answer 10

phosphate rock.

Question 11

Bismuth occurs as __________ and in its elemental form.

Answer 11

bismuthinite (Bi2S3)

Question 12

exists as N2

Answer 12

Nitrogen

Question 13

is a colorless and odorless gas (condense at 77 K).

Answer 13

Nitrogen

Question 14

forms relatively strong and short bonds, resulting in the formation of a triple bond in the N2 molecule.

Answer 14

Nitrogen

Question 15

has an anomalously small covalent radius ; can form multiple bonds with N, C and O atoms

Answer 15

Nitrogen

Question 16

Phosphorus - has several allotropes

Answer 16

(white, red and black phosphorus)

Question 17

a solid consisting of tetrahedral P4 molecules with single bonds

Answer 17

White phosphorus

Question 18

is the standard state of the element, but it is metastable, potentially due to the strained 60° bond angles

Answer 18

White phosphorus

Question 19

insoluble in water and is stored under water to prevent oxidation

Answer 19

White phosphorus

Question 20

Results when white phosphorus is heated in an inert gas atmosphere; an amorphous solid with an extended covalent structure

Answer 20

Red phosphorus

Question 21

most stable allotrope of phosphorus

Answer 21

Black phosphorus

Question 22

• obtained by heating white phosphorus under high pressure. In contrast to white phosphorus, black phosphorus does not ignite spontaneously in air.

Answer 22

Black phosphorus

Question 23

consists of As4 or Sb4 molecules, respectively. In the solid state, arsenic, antimony and bismuth are grey solids with a lattice structure similar to that of black phosphorus.

Answer 23

Arsenic and antimony vapor

Question 24

nonmetal; +3 and +5 oxidation states

Answer 24

Phosphorus

Question 25

one of the most abundant elements in the human body

Answer 25

Phosphorus

Question 26

often found in conjunction with Ca because they are the building materials for bones and teeth.

Answer 26

Phosphorus

Question 27

is also involved in the building of our genetic material as well as in the energy supply of cells and many biochemical processes.

Answer 27

Phosphorus

Question 28

main phosphorus-containing compound.

Answer 28

Phosphate

Question 29

inorganic compound; _________. It can form organic esters with a variety of compounds and these are important in many biochemical processes.

Answer 29

salt of phosphoric acid

Question 30

is the conjugated base of the hydrogen phosphate ion (HPO42− ).

Answer 30

The phosphate ion PO43

Question 31

In biological systems, phosphate is often found either as inorganic phosphate or as ester after reaction with organic compounds

Answer 31

organic phosphates

Question 32

(mostly denoted as Pi ) is a mixture of HPO42− and H2PO4 − at physiological pH.

Answer 32

Inorganic phosphate

Question 33

containing compounds are mostly found in milk, meat (protein-rich food), grains, dried fruits and carbonated soft drinks.

Answer 33

Phosphorus

Question 34

low levels of phosphate in the serum

Answer 34

Hypophosphataemia

Question 35

is rare and is often caused by some underlying illness, extreme lifestyle situations such as starvation or alcoholism or drug interactions

Answer 35

Hypophosphataemia

Question 36

is more common and often caused by kidney problems (reduced clearance) or dietary behavior (increased intake).

Answer 36

Hyperphosphatemia

Question 37

work closely together and an imbalance of either ion can have serious consequences for bone health or can even lead to cardiovascular problems due to hardening of the soft tissue.

Answer 37

Phosphate and calcium ions

Question 38

metalloid of the nitrogen group.

Answer 38

Arsenic

Question 39

Arsenic Two allotropes:

Answer 39

yellow arsenic and grey arsenic.

Question 40

T or F | mostly found either in its native state or as arsenic sulfide in the form of realgar (As4S4) or orpiment (As2S3).

Answer 40

T

Question 41

can exist in three different valence states

Answer 41

(zerovalent, trivalent and pentavalent).

Question 42

one of the most toxic heavy metals.

Answer 42

Arsenic

Question 43

have been used as early as 2000 BC as drugs, for example, to cure cancerous tumors, ulcers and other diseases of the time.

Answer 43

As2O3, As2S3 (orpiment) and As2S2 (realgar

Question 44

paste of arsenic sulfide against ulcer.

Answer 44

Galen (130-200 AD)

Question 45

T or F | Paracelsus ‘not ignored’ any kind of formulation and recommended the clinical use of elemental arsenic

Answer 45

F (Ignored)

Question 46

main treatment option for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) until it was replaced by radiation and chemotherapy in the twentieth century.

Answer 46

Fowler's solution (1% potassium arsenite):

Question 47

were mostly used to combat trypanosomal infections

Answer 47

arsenic-based drugs

Question 48

was a synthetic arsenic-based drug discovered in 1909 by Ehrlich and his team.

Answer 48

Salvarsan

Question 49

In 1910, Ehrlich introduced Salvarsan (3-amino-4- hydroxyphenylarsenic), also known as _______or______to the market as a cure for syphilis (Treponema pallidum)

Answer 49

arsphenamine or compound 606

Question 50

is the conjugated base of the dihydrogen phosphate ion (H2PO4− )

Answer 50

HPO42−

Question 51

is the conjugated base of phosphoric acid (H3 PO4 )

Answer 51

The latter