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IOCH14B > Group 15 Elements > Flashcards

Group 15 Elements Flashcards

1
Q

; reflecting the changing nature of the elements when descending within the group from nonmetal to metal.

A

appearance varies widely

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2
Q

colorless and odorless gas.

A

Nitrogen

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3
Q

white, red and black solids

A

Phosphorous

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4
Q

yellow and grey solids

A

arsenic

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5
Q

metallic grey form

A

Antimony

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6
Q

white crystalline metal

A

bismuth

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7
Q

Nitrogen makes up _____ (by volume) of air

A

78%

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8
Q

found in several minerals and ores.

A

Phosphorus

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9
Q

essential constituent of plants and animals, present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), bones, teeth and other components of high biological importance.

A

Phosphorus

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10
Q

Phosphorus does not occur in its elemental state in nature; deposited as _______

A

phosphate rock.

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11
Q

Bismuth occurs as __________ and in its elemental form.

A

bismuthinite (Bi2S3)

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12
Q

exists as N2

A

Nitrogen

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13
Q

is a colorless and odorless gas (condense at 77 K).

A

Nitrogen

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14
Q

forms relatively strong and short bonds, resulting in the formation of a triple bond in the N2 molecule.

A

Nitrogen

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15
Q

has an anomalously small covalent radius ; can form multiple bonds with N, C and O atoms

A

Nitrogen

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16
Q

Phosphorus - has several allotropes

A

(white, red and black phosphorus)

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17
Q

a solid consisting of tetrahedral P4 molecules with single bonds

A

White phosphorus

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18
Q

is the standard state of the element, but it is metastable, potentially due to the strained 60° bond angles

A

White phosphorus

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19
Q

insoluble in water and is stored under water to prevent oxidation

A

White phosphorus

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20
Q

Results when white phosphorus is heated in an inert gas atmosphere; an amorphous solid with an extended covalent structure

A

Red phosphorus

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21
Q

most stable allotrope of phosphorus

A

Black phosphorus

22
Q
  • obtained by heating white phosphorus under high pressure. In contrast to white phosphorus, black phosphorus does not ignite spontaneously in air.
A

Black phosphorus

23
Q

consists of As4 or Sb4 molecules, respectively. In the solid state, arsenic, antimony and bismuth are grey solids with a lattice structure similar to that of black phosphorus.

A

Arsenic and antimony vapor

24
Q

nonmetal; +3 and +5 oxidation states

A

Phosphorus

25
Q

one of the most abundant elements in the human body

A

Phosphorus

26
Q

often found in conjunction with Ca because they are the building materials for bones and teeth.

A

Phosphorus

27
Q

is also involved in the building of our genetic material as well as in the energy supply of cells and many biochemical processes.

A

Phosphorus

28
Q

main phosphorus-containing compound.

A

Phosphate

29
Q

inorganic compound; _________. It can form organic esters with a variety of compounds and these are important in many biochemical processes.

A

salt of phosphoric acid

30
Q

is the conjugated base of the hydrogen phosphate ion (HPO42− ).

A

The phosphate ion PO43

31
Q

In biological systems, phosphate is often found either as inorganic phosphate or as ester after reaction with organic compounds

A

organic phosphates

32
Q

(mostly denoted as Pi ) is a mixture of HPO42− and H2PO4 − at physiological pH.

A

Inorganic phosphate

33
Q

containing compounds are mostly found in milk, meat (protein-rich food), grains, dried fruits and carbonated soft drinks.

A

Phosphorus

34
Q

low levels of phosphate in the serum

A

Hypophosphataemia

35
Q

is rare and is often caused by some underlying illness, extreme lifestyle situations such as starvation or alcoholism or drug interactions

A

Hypophosphataemia

36
Q

is more common and often caused by kidney problems (reduced clearance) or dietary behavior (increased intake).

A

Hyperphosphatemia

37
Q

work closely together and an imbalance of either ion can have serious consequences for bone health or can even lead to cardiovascular problems due to hardening of the soft tissue.

A

Phosphate and calcium ions

38
Q

metalloid of the nitrogen group.

A

Arsenic

39
Q

Arsenic Two allotropes:

A

yellow arsenic and grey arsenic.

40
Q

T or F

mostly found either in its native state or as arsenic sulfide in the form of realgar (As4S4) or orpiment (As2S3).

A

T

41
Q

can exist in three different valence states

A

(zerovalent, trivalent and pentavalent).

42
Q

one of the most toxic heavy metals.

A

Arsenic

43
Q

have been used as early as 2000 BC as drugs, for example, to cure cancerous tumors, ulcers and other diseases of the time.

A

As2O3, As2S3 (orpiment) and As2S2 (realgar

44
Q

paste of arsenic sulfide against ulcer.

A

Galen (130-200 AD)

45
Q

T or F

Paracelsus ‘not ignored’ any kind of formulation and recommended the clinical use of elemental arsenic

A

F (Ignored)

46
Q

main treatment option for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) until it was replaced by radiation and chemotherapy in the twentieth century.

A

Fowler’s solution (1% potassium arsenite):

47
Q

were mostly used to combat trypanosomal infections

A

arsenic-based drugs

48
Q

was a synthetic arsenic-based drug discovered in 1909 by Ehrlich and his team.

A

Salvarsan

49
Q

In 1910, Ehrlich introduced Salvarsan (3-amino-4- hydroxyphenylarsenic), also known as _______or______to the market as a cure for syphilis (Treponema pallidum)

A

arsphenamine or compound 606

50
Q

is the conjugated base of the dihydrogen phosphate ion (H2PO4− )

A

HPO42−

51
Q

is the conjugated base of phosphoric acid (H3 PO4 )

A

The latter

IOCH14B (9 decks)

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