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IOCH14B > # 2: Alkali Metal > Flashcards

# 2: Alkali Metal Flashcards

1
Q

Members of group 1 of the periodic table (first vertical column) with exception of hydrogen are called

A

Alkali metal

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2
Q

Alkali metals

A 
lithium (Li), 
sodium (Na),
 potassium (K), 
rubidium (Rb), 
cesium (Cs)
francium (Fr).
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3
Q

This group of elements belongs to the _______-they only have one electron in their outer shell, stype.

A

s-block metals

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4
Q

The chemistry of the metals is characterized by the loss of this s electron to form a _________, which results from the relatively low ionization energy of this electron

A

monocationicion M+,

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5
Q

the energy that is required to remove the outer electron of an atom or molecule. The tendency to lose the outer electron is directly correlated to the ___________

A

Ionization energy (IE)

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6
Q

the easier the removal of the electron

A

↓ionization energy

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7
Q

from rock salts

A

Na and K

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8
Q

have small natural abundances; also occur as rock salts

A

Li, Rb and Cs

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9
Q

➢is manufactured by Downs’ process-

  • electrolysis of molten NaCl.
  • the major production process for sodium
A

Sodium

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10
Q

a minor source of industrial chlorine.

A

metal

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11
Q

positively charged; electrode where oxidation takes place

A

Anode

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12
Q

negatively charged; reduction takes place

A

Cathode

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13
Q

can also be isolated using electrolysis.

A

Li and K

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14
Q

describes all chemical reactions in which atoms change their oxidation number.

A

reduction–oxidation (redox) reaction

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15
Q

are needed to form a redox reaction.

A

half-reactions

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16
Q

loss of electrons

A

Oxidation

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17
Q

gain of electrons

A

Reduction

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18
Q

the atom or molecule that oxidizes another compound and in turn is reduced itself.

A

oxidant

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19
Q

molecules or atoms that reduce other compounds and as a result are oxidized themselves.

A

Reductants

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20
Q

silvery white appearance; except cesium (golden yellow).

A

Most alkali metals

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21
Q

is the softest of the alkali metals.

A

cesium

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22
Q

has the lowest reactivity

A

Li

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23
Q

has the highest.

A

Cs

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24
Q

All alkali metals except Li must be stored in _______. Li is normally stored under inert gas such as argon.

A

mineral oil

25
Q

can be handled in air for a short time

A

Li, Na and K

26
Q

Li, Na and K

A

Rb and Cs

27
Q

is the least reactive alkali metal and reacts ‘only’ quickly with water, whereas potassium, rubidium and caesiumare more reactive and react violently with water.

A

lithium

28
Q

oral rehydration salts; KClcan also be used to treat potassium depletion.

A

NaCl and KClsolutions

29
Q

reaction of an alkali metal with halogens.

A

Alkali metal halides

30
Q

important for a potential pharmaceutical application

A

very soluble in water

31
Q

4Li + O2

A

2Li2O oxide formation (O2-)

32
Q

2Na + O2

A

Na2O2peroxide formation (O–)

33
Q

K + O2

A

KO2superoxide formation (O2–)

34
Q

treatment of BD

A

Lithium bicarbonate or citrate

35
Q

active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in over-the-counter drugs against UTIs (increasing the pH of the urine).

A

Potassium bicarbonate or citrate

36
Q

produced by Solvay process –one of the most important industrial processes

A

Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)

37
Q

starting materials; inexpensive and easily available.

A

NaCl and CaCO3 (limestone)

38
Q

2NaCl + CaCO3

A

Na2CO3+ CaCl2

39
Q

Diagonally adjacent elements of the second and third periods have similar properties –this concept is called

A

diagonal relationship.

40
Q

diagonal relationship.

A

(Li/Mg, Be/Al, B/Si, etc.)

41
Q

Na: atomic number 11;

A

Natrium

42
Q

are soluble in water; present in large quantities in the oceans

A

Sodium

43
Q

an essential ion in the human body

A

Sodium

44
Q

is defined as the physical process of diffusion of a solvent (water) through a semi-permeable membrane towards an area of high solute (salt) concentration

A

Osmosis

45
Q

Account for over 90% of all ions in the ___ and_____; most abundant cation in the ECF

A

plasma and interstitial fluid

46
Q

play an important role in regulating the fluid level of the body; filtration, secretion and reabsorption of sodium in the nephrons

A

Kidneys

47
Q

the solution has a higher concentration of solutes than the surrounding area. This area will lose water through osmosis

A

Hypertonic

48
Q

that means the solution has the same concentration of solutes as the surrounding area. No movement of water will occur

A

Isotonic

49
Q

that means the solution has a lower concentration of solutes than the surrounding area. This area will gain water through osmosis

A

Hypotonic

50
Q

K : atomic number 19;

A

Kalium

51
Q

first isolated from potash

A

(K2CO3)

52
Q

Major use of K+:

A

fertilizers (potassium salts: KCl, K2SO4and KNO3)

53
Q

found in table salt

A

KCl

54
Q

oxidizing agent and is used as flour improver

A

KBrO3-

55
Q

food preservative in wine and beer

A

KHSO3

56
Q

95% of the K+can be found inside the ______; 5% mainly circulating in the_______

A

cells and blood plasma

57
Q

↓ K+in the blood plasma. Symptoms: muscle weakness or ECG abnormalitiesCauses: reduced K+intake caused by GI disturbance (diarrhea and vomiting) or increased excretion of K+caused by diuresis-often found in patients treated with diuretics such as loop diuretics and thiazides.

A

Hypokalemia-

58
Q
  • ↑K+in the plasma, can lead to severe health problems.
  • Potassium salts can cause nausea and vomiting; can lead to small bowel ulcerations.
  • Normal levels: 3.5–5.0 mmol/L->6.5 mmol/L
  • Acute severe __________ can lead to cardiac arrest
A

Hyperkalemia

IOCH14B (9 decks)

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