Boron Group & Carbon group

Question 1

a metalloid (semi-metal)

Answer 1

Boron

Question 2

is a metal but shows many chemical similarities to boron

Answer 2

Aluminum

Question 3

Aluminum, gallium, indium and thallium are considered to be metals of the ________ group.

Answer 3

poor metals

Question 4

are elements that display some properties characteristic for metals and some characteristic for nonmetals

Answer 4

Metalloids

Question 5

Boron and aluminum occur only with oxidation number +3 in their compounds, and with a few exceptions their compounds are best described as

Answer 5

ionic.

Question 6

• main sources of Boron:

- used as components in many detergents or cosmetics.

Answer 6

borax (Na2[B4O5(OH)4]·8H2O) & kernite (Na2[B4O5(OH)4])

Question 7

the most abundant metal and the third most abundant element in the earth’s

Answer 7

Aluminum

Question 8

occur in traces as their sulfides.

Answer 8

Ga, In and Tl

Question 9

unreactive except at high temperatures.

Answer 9

Boron

Question 10

highly reactive metal

Answer 10

Aluminum

Question 11

is an acidic oxide and an insoluble white solid with a very high boiling point (over 2000 K) as a result of its extended covalently bonded network structure.

Answer 11

B2O3

Question 12

most important halide of boron; colorless gas

Answer 12

Boron trifluoride (BF3)

Question 13

is a volatile solid which sublimes at 458 K. The vapor formed on sublimation consists of an equilibrium mixture of monomers (AlCl3) and dimers (Al2Cl6).

Answer 13

Aluminum chloride (AlCl3)

Question 14

act as Lewis acids to a wide range of electron-pair donors, and this has led to their widespread use as catalysts.

Answer 14

boron trichloride (BCl3) and aluminum trichloride (AlCl3)

Question 15

can accept electrons pairs with the formation of a coordinate covalent bond.

Answer 15

Lewis acid

Question 16

electron donor

Answer 16

Lewis base

Question 17

transfer hydrogen ion (H+)

Answer 17

Brønsted–Lowry acids

Question 18

accepts H+

Answer 18

Brønsted–Lowry base

Question 19

-atomic number 5; symbol B, and is a metalloid.

Answer 19

Boron

Question 20

is used in the large-scale production of glass.

Answer 20

Boric acid [B(OH)3]

Question 21

which are produced by a fusion of B2O3 and silicate, are extremely heat resistant and often used in laboratories.

Answer 21

Borosilicate glasses (Pyrex® glass),

Question 22

Borax and kernite can be applied as

Answer 22

fertilizer

Question 23

Bortezomib belong to the class of drugs called ________ and is licensed for the treatment of multiple myeloma.

Answer 23

proteasome inhibitors

Question 24

• Al atomic number 13.

- forms a diagonal relationship with beryllium.

Answer 24

Aluminum

Question 25

-name ‘aluminum’ derived from ___________, (KAl(SO4)2·12H2O), which was used for medicinal purposes in Roman times.

Answer 25

potassium alum

Question 26

human body: 35 mg of Al3+ (∼50% in the ______ and ∼50% in the _______)

Answer 26

lungs & Skeleton

Question 27

- atomic number 31. - silvery-white color - melting point of only 29°C, melts when held in the hand. - It has no known physiological role in the human body, but it can interact with cellular processes and proteins that are normally involved in iron metabolism.

Answer 27

Gallium

Question 28

Clinical developments: __________ are used as tumor imaging reagents

Answer 28

radioactive gallium isotopes

Question 29

treatment of metabolic bone disease, hypercalcemia, and as anticancer drug.

Answer 29

Gallium nitrate

Question 30

- Group 14 elements have four valence shell electrons and tend to form covalent compounds. - With increasing mass and atomic radius (C → Pb), the elements show increasingly more metallic characteristics and have lower melting and boiling points.

Answer 30

The Carbon Group

Question 31

is generally seen as nonmetallic, whereas germanium is metallic.

Answer 31

Silicon

Question 32

Silicon and germanium are classified

Answer 32

metalloids

Question 33

- second most abundant element in the earth's crust

Answer 33

Silicon

Question 34

are relatively rare elements (group 14 elements)

Answer 34

Germanium, tin and lead

Question 35

extracted for thousands of years from their ores. (group 14 elements)

Answer 35

Sn and Pb

Question 36

main source for Sn

Answer 36

cassiterite (SnO2)

Question 37

first isolated from the mineral argyrodite,; nowadays mainly sourced from zinc and copper ores.

Answer 37

Germanium

Question 38

Silicon - does not exist as the pure metal; most commonly occurs in

Answer 38

silica and silicates

Question 39

is a hard substance with a high melting temperature

Answer 39

Silicon dioxide (silica)

Question 40

used to make glass; resistant to to attack by most chemicals except fluorine, hydrofluoric acid and strong alkalis.

Answer 40

Molten silica

Question 41

is used in semiconductors; most well known for its application in solar panels and computer chips.

Answer 41

Pure silicon metal

Question 42

can also be found in electrical components, in semiconductors, in some optical applications and some specialized alloys.

Answer 42

Germanium

Question 43

has many applications: lining for drink and food cans.

Answer 43

Metallic tin

Question 44

is an alloy of copper and tin

Answer 44

Bronze

Question 45

Tin is often referred to as a poor metal and it has two allotropes:

Answer 45

grey tin and white tin.

Question 46

is a grey metal; mostly used in batteries.

Answer 46

Lead

Question 47

Lead main source

Answer 47

galena (PbS)

Question 48

main source of Aluminum

Answer 48

aluminosilicates (clays, micas, feldspar, bauxite)