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IOCH14B > Boron Group & Carbon group > Flashcards

Boron Group & Carbon group Flashcards

1
Q

a metalloid (semi-metal)

A

Boron

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2
Q

is a metal but shows many chemical similarities to boron

A

Aluminum

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3
Q

Aluminum, gallium, indium and thallium are considered to be metals of the ________ group.

A

poor metals

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4
Q

are elements that display some properties characteristic for metals and some characteristic for nonmetals

A

Metalloids

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5
Q

Boron and aluminum occur only with oxidation number +3 in their compounds, and with a few exceptions their compounds are best described as

A

ionic.

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6
Q
  • main sources of Boron:

- used as components in many detergents or cosmetics.

A

borax (Na2[B4O5(OH)4]·8H2O) & kernite (Na2[B4O5(OH)4])

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7
Q

the most abundant metal and the third most abundant element in the earth’s

A

Aluminum

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8
Q

occur in traces as their sulfides.

A

Ga, In and Tl

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9
Q

unreactive except at high temperatures.

A

Boron

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10
Q

highly reactive metal

A

Aluminum

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11
Q

is an acidic oxide and an insoluble white solid with a very high boiling point (over 2000 K) as a result of its extended covalently bonded network structure.

A

B2O3

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12
Q

most important halide of boron; colorless gas

A

Boron trifluoride (BF3)

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13
Q

is a volatile solid which sublimes at 458 K. The vapor formed on sublimation consists of an equilibrium mixture of monomers (AlCl3) and dimers (Al2Cl6).

A

Aluminum chloride (AlCl3)

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14
Q

act as Lewis acids to a wide range of electron-pair donors, and this has led to their widespread use as catalysts.

A

boron trichloride (BCl3) and aluminum trichloride (AlCl3)

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15
Q

can accept electrons pairs with the formation of a coordinate covalent bond.

A

Lewis acid

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16
Q

electron donor

A

Lewis base

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17
Q

transfer hydrogen ion (H+)

A

Brønsted–Lowry acids

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18
Q

accepts H+

A

Brønsted–Lowry base

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19
Q

-atomic number 5; symbol B, and is a metalloid.

A

Boron

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20
Q

is used in the large-scale production of glass.

A

Boric acid [B(OH)3]

21
Q

which are produced by a fusion of B2O3 and silicate, are extremely heat resistant and often used in laboratories.

A

Borosilicate glasses (Pyrex® glass),

22
Q

Borax and kernite can be applied as

A

fertilizer

23
Q

Bortezomib belong to the class of drugs called ________ and is licensed for the treatment of multiple myeloma.

A

proteasome inhibitors

24
Q
  • Al atomic number 13.

- forms a diagonal relationship with beryllium.

A

Aluminum

25
Q

-name ‘aluminum’ derived from ___________, (KAl(SO4)2·12H2O), which was used for medicinal purposes in Roman times.

A

potassium alum

26
Q

human body: 35 mg of Al3+ (∼50% in the ______ and ∼50% in the _______)

A

lungs & Skeleton

27
Q
  • atomic number 31.
  • silvery-white color
  • melting point of only 29°C, melts when held in the hand.
  • It has no known physiological role in the human body, but it can interact with cellular processes and proteins that are normally involved in iron metabolism.
A

Gallium

28
Q

Clinical developments: __________ are used as tumor imaging reagents

A

radioactive gallium isotopes

29
Q

treatment of metabolic bone disease, hypercalcemia, and as anticancer drug.

A

Gallium nitrate

30
Q
  • Group 14 elements have four valence shell electrons and tend to form covalent compounds.
  • With increasing mass and atomic radius (C → Pb), the elements show increasingly more metallic characteristics and have lower melting and boiling points.
A

The Carbon Group

31
Q

is generally seen as nonmetallic, whereas germanium is metallic.

A

Silicon

32
Q

Silicon and germanium are classified

A

metalloids

33
Q
  • second most abundant element in the earth’s crust
A

Silicon

34
Q

are relatively rare elements (group 14 elements)

A

Germanium, tin and lead

35
Q

extracted for thousands of years from their ores. (group 14 elements)

A

Sn and Pb

36
Q

main source for Sn

A

cassiterite (SnO2)

37
Q

first isolated from the mineral argyrodite,; nowadays mainly sourced from zinc and copper ores.

A

Germanium

38
Q

Silicon - does not exist as the pure metal; most commonly occurs in

A

silica and silicates

39
Q

is a hard substance with a high melting temperature

A

Silicon dioxide (silica)

40
Q

used to make glass; resistant to to attack by most chemicals except fluorine, hydrofluoric acid and strong alkalis.

A

Molten silica

41
Q

is used in semiconductors; most well known for its application in solar panels and computer chips.

A

Pure silicon metal

42
Q

can also be found in electrical components, in semiconductors, in some optical applications and some specialized alloys.

A

Germanium

43
Q

has many applications: lining for drink and food cans.

A

Metallic tin

44
Q

is an alloy of copper and tin

A

Bronze

45
Q

Tin is often referred to as a poor metal and it has two allotropes:

A

grey tin and white tin.

46
Q

is a grey metal; mostly used in batteries.

A

Lead

47
Q

Lead main source

A

galena (PbS)

48
Q

main source of Aluminum

A

aluminosilicates (clays, micas, feldspar, bauxite)

IOCH14B (9 decks)

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