Gross Quiz 2 Flashcards
These glands are situated on the ventral aspect of the thoracic wall and embedded in superficial fascia.
The mammary glands
What are the paired, cutaneous, sweat glands that are functionless in males?
Mammary glands
Infant nourishment and transference of immune benefits to infant are the primary functions of what glands?
Mammary glands
These glands can extend from the second or third rib to the sixth rib.
Mammary glands
The two main external parts of the mammary glands
Nipple and the areola
The nipple and areole are external parts of what glands?
Mammary glands
Almost every muscle in the upper extremity is supplied by motor components from several spinal nerve segments.
True or false
True
A portion of the mammary gland with project into the Axillary region and is known as the?
The Axillary tail
The C5 dermatome (spinal nerve) supplies which patch of skin?
Lateral (radial) side of the arm
The area of skin supplied by the sensory root of a single spinal nerve is known as?
Dermatome
when damage to a single spinal nerve occurs a large area of skin will be affected, this is due to what?
Regular segmental sensory nerve supply
The c6 dermatome supplies which part of the skin?
Lateral (radial) side of the forearm; digits one and two
The C7 dermatome supplies which Part of skin?
Skin of the palm; digit three and four
Studies have shown that infants that are breast fed are ______, ________, and __________ than infants that are not?
Leaner, smarter, and healthier
Each mammary gland consists of 15 to 20 _______?
Lobules
The suspensory ligament and varying amounts of adipose tissue separate what of the mammary glands?
The lobes
The C4 dermatome supplies which patch of skin?
Skin over the tip of the shoulder (Acromion process)
Lobes are subdivided into lobules which consists of?
Alveoli
The alveoli are the secretory portion of the glands are lined with?
Secretory cells
Prior to pregnancy, the alveoli are said to be in a __________ or __________ state.
Resting or inactive
Which hormone promotes the production of milk after birth?
Prolactin which is secreted by the anterior pituitary
Each lobe of the mammary glands are separated from each other by connective tissue called the?
Suspensory ligament
Which hormone promotes the release of milk?
Oxytocin which is secreted but he posterior pituitary
During pregnancy high amounts of progesterone and estrogen promote the development of what?
Alveoli
Which hormone triggered the growth of the secretory cells which lines the alveoli or secretory portion?
Progesterone which is also secreted by the ovaries and placenta
Progesterone and estrogen promote the growth of alveoli cells and suppresses what?
Milk production
After birth there is a decrease in ________ and _____________ but the level stays high enough to maintain the secretory and duct system.
Progesterone and estrogen
Estrogen and progesterone levels decrease after birth but remain high enough to maintain what two components?
Secretory cells and duct system
The first secretion of the functional mammary glands is?
Colostrum
A creamy white to yellowish fluid which begins to be secreted during the last few weeks of pregnancy?
Colostrum
A secretion of the mammary gland that is rich in immunoglobulin and lactoferrin, which imparts immune protections newborn?
Colostrum, also contains growth factors which affect the infants’is gastrointestinal tract
The milk that is present from day 6 to day 15, and has lower immunoglobulin levels compared to colostrum but higher amounts of lactose and fat
Transitional milk
Transitional milk is present from day 6 to day 15 and has lower ______________ compared to colostrum, but higher amounts of ________ and ______.
Lower immunoglobulin, lactose and fat
The milk that is present from day 15 to weaning?
Mature milk
Mature milk is composed of four things?
88% water
7% lactose
4% fat
1% protein
The mammary glands are a highly metabolic organ and have an extensive_______ supply and __________ lymphatic supply.
Extensive blood supply and extensive lymphatic supply
The extensive lymphatic supply to the mammary glands is very important in the metastasis of ______ cells.
Cancer cells
The metastasis of cancer cells in the mammary glands is dependent on the extensive________ supply?
Lymphatic supply is used for the drainage of the metastasized cancer cells
The causes of breast cancer appear to be multi factorial and it’s development typically occurs after the age of?
65
A maternal side family history and never having or waiting til after the age of 35 to have children increase your risk of what?
Breast cancer
Two factors that increase your risk of breast cancer?
Maternal side family history and never having or waiting til after age 35 to have children
Lumps, dimpling of the skin, and nipple retraction and discharge are possible symptoms of?
Breast cancer
Three symptoms of breast cancer that should be checked for after the menstrual period?
Lumps,
dimpling of the skin,
nipple retraction and discharge
True or false
Benign tumors are less common than cancerous growth?
False. They are much more common
The most common benign tumors are _____, which are rounded nodules tender and painful to the touch.
Cysts
Cysts are common after the menstrual period and during periods of ___________ irregularities.
Hormonal
What 3 procedures are used to identify the difference between benign and cancerous growths.
Mammography
Ultrasound
And needle aspirations
chronic cystic mastitis is also known as and means?
Fibrocystic disease. Benign tumors in breast tissue
Nipple discharge is also known as?
Galactorrhea
Secretions of the breast not associated with pregnancy is known as?
Galactorrhea
Galactorrhea may occur in adolescents when they begin?
Puberty
In women not in puberty some underlying pathology, medication, hormonal abnormalities, and breast tumors might be reasons for?
Galactorrhea (nipple discharge)
True or false
Any medication, food or liquids that a mother takes into her body will end up in some concentration in her breast milk.
True
The enlargement and development of breast tissue in males is known as?
Gynecomastia
Gynecomastia is common at puberty but could also be caused by?
Medications, hormonal imbalance or an estrogen producing tumor
The largest and longest bone of the upper extremity and consists of a shaft and two distinct ends.
Humerus
The largest and longest bone of the upper extremity?
Humerus
A bone in the upper extremity consisting of a shaft and two distinct ends?
Humerus
The humerus develops from how many ossification centers?
8 ossification centers
1 primary
7 secondary
The primary ossification for the shaft of the humerus occurs early in?
Fetal development
Secondary ossification of what upper extremity bone occurs from after birth to late adolescents?
Humerus
What are the regions of the secondary ossification centers of the humerus?
Centers for the head, greater tuberosity, medial epicondyle, lateral epicondyle, capitulum, trochlea
True or false
The humerus bone completes ossification around 18-20 in both males and females.
False
18-20 in females
20-22 in males
The main areas prone to fracture in the humerus include what 6 areas?
The anatomical and surgical necks, greater and lesser tubercules, shaft and distal end.
A break of the numeral surgical neck could damage what structures?
Axillary nerve, humeral circumflex blood vessels
The Axillary nerve and the humeral circumflex vessels could be damaged when a break of what part of the humerus occurs?
Surgical neck
A fracture at the shaft of the humerus puts what structure at risk?
The radial nerve
The radial nerve can be put at risk if a fracture occurs at what part of the humerus?
Shaft
A fracture at the distal end of the humerus can put what structures at risk for damage?
The median nerve
The ulnar nerve
The brachial blood vessels
The median and ulnar nerves and the brachial blood vessels can be damaged when a fracture at what part of the humerus occurs?
The distal end
Injuries at the proximal end of the humerus in elderly is due to?
Osteoporosis
Falls on the hand and shoulder can cause avulsion fractures of this part of the humerus?
Greater tubercule
What type of fracture is common at the greater tubercle when a fall on the hand and shoulder occurs?
Avulsion fracture
Fractures of the shaft occur usually when?
A direct blow to the arm occurs
A direct blow to the arm usually causes a fracture at what part of the humerus?
A fracture of the shaft
Osteoporosis does what to bone?
A demineralization of bone
An upward movement of the scapula, while the scapula remains parallel with the vertebral column
Elevation
The return to normal from a position of elevation
Depression
A lateral movement of the scapula away from the vertebral column with the medial border remaining parallel to the column
Abduction/protraction
A medial movement of the scapula toward the vertebral column
Adduction/retraction
Forward movement of the humerus
Flexion
Backward movement of the humerus (the reverse of Flexion)
Extension
Movement of the humerus laterally away from the body
Abduction
Movement of the bringing the humerus back toward the Body
Adduction
Humerus is turned inward (toward the body)
Medial rotation
Humerus is turned outward (away from the body)
Lateral rotation
Rotational movement around the joint
Circumduction
Three muscles are found in the pectorial region, all of which are associated with movement of the ______ extremity at the __________ joint
Upper extremity,
Shoulder joint
The largest and most superficial of the three muscles in the pectorial region
Pectoralis major
In males the Pectoralis major is the most__________ structure in the region.
Superficial
The Pectoralis major’s tendon of insertion forms the anterior fold of the?
Axilla
The anterior fold of the axilla is formed by the tendon of insertion from what muscle?
Pectoralis major
The three origin points of the Pectoralis major
Clavicle (clavicular portion)
Sternum and upper ribs (sternocostal portion)
External oblique muscle (abdominal portion)
The insertion point of the Pectoralis major?
Lateral aspect of the intertubercular groove (greater tuberosity)
The lateral aspect of the intertubercular groove (greater tuberosity) is the insertion point of what muscle?
Pectoralis major
The clavicle, sternum/upper ribs, and external oblique muscle are the origin points of what muscle?
Pectoralis major
True or false
The portions of the Pectoralis muscle are only capable of working in combination?
False each portion can work independently
The combined use of the entire Pectoralis muscle is responsible for?
- Adduction and medial rotation of the humerus
2. Forced inspiration by elevating the rib cage when the humerus is stabilized
What function does the clavicular portion of the Pectoralis major perform?
Fixes humerus at shoulder joint
What function does the sternocostal portion of the Pectoralis major perform?
Extend the humerus at the shoulder joint
Adduction and medial rotation of the humerus is done with what portions of the Pectoralis muscle?
The entire muscle
Forced inspiration by elevating the rib cage when the humerus is stabilized is made possible by what portions of the Pectoralis muscle?
The entire muscle
Fixation of the humerus at the shoulder joint is made possible by what portion of the Pectoralis major?
The clavicular portion
Extension of the humerus at the shoulder joint is made possible by what portion of the Pectoralis major?
Sternocostal portion (sternum and upper ribs)
Medial (C8-T1) and lateral pectoral (C5-C7) nerves supply what muscle
Pectoralis major
The Pectoralis major is supplied by what nerves?
Medial (C8-T1) and lateral pectoral (C5-C7)
Characteristics and cause of rupturing the Pectoralis major.
Excessive stress (lifting weight) tears a tendon. Possible avulsion of the greater tubercule. Palpable gap most people report hearing a pop or snap
Absence of the Pectoralis major can happen. Does it cause disability? What part of axilla would be missing?
No disability in movement and the anterior part of axilla is missing
A flat triangular muscle which lies completely deep to the Pectoralis major?
Pectoralis minor
Poland’s syndrome can cause an absence of what muscles and bones?
The Pectoralis major,
The Pectoralis minor
Several ribs
Unilateral Absence of Pectoralis muscles and several ribs combined with atrophy of mammary glands and a smaller hand and webbed fingers are symptoms of what syndrome?
Poland’s syndrome
The upper ribs are the only origin of what muscle?
Pectoralis minor
The only origin of the Pectoralis minor?
Upper ribs
The only insertion point of the Pectoralis minor is?
The coracoid process of the scapula
The coracoid process of the scapula is the only insertion point of what muscle?
The Pectoralis minor
The two actions of the Pectoralis minor?
- Involved with protraction/abduction of the scapula
2. Elevates the rib cage and thus involved with forced inspiration
The muscle that is involved in abduction of the scapula and elevating the rib cage is?
The Pectoralis minor
The nerve supply for the Pectoralis minor?
Medial pectoral (C8-T1)
The medial pectoral nerves (C8-T1) are the only nerve supply for what muscle?
The Pectoralis minor
The muscle found below the clavicle in the space between the first rib and the clavicle?
Subclavius
Where can the Subclavius be found?
Below the clavicle in the space between the first rib and the clavicle
The only origin of the Subclavius?
First rib
The first rib is the only origin for what muscle?
The Subclavius
The insertion of the Subclavius is the?
Subclavian groove of the clavicle?
The subclavian groove of the clavicle is the only insertion point of what muscle?
Subclavius muscle
Two actions of the Subclavius muscle?
- Pulls the clavicle medically and thus stabilizes the sternoclavicular joint.
- Serves as a protective cushion between a fractured clavicle and underlying blood vessels
- Pulls the clavicle medically and thus stabilizes the sternoclavicular joint.
- Serves as a protective cushion between a fractured clavicle and underlying blood vessels
Are the two actions of what muscle?
Subclavius muscle
The Subclavius is supplied by what nerves?
Nerve to the Subclavius (C5-C6)
What muscle is supplied only by (C5-C6)?
The Subclavius muscle
A truncated pyramid structure found in the armpit that number of important structures passes through?
The axilla
What is the axilla?
A truncated pyramid found in the armpit with many important structures passing through
What part of the axilla is bound by the clavicle,scapula, and first rib?
The apex (upper end) a triangular space
The triangular space known as the apex is bound by what three bones?
The clavicle
Scapula
First rib
The part of the axilla made up of skin and fascia?
The base (lower end)
The base of the axilla is composed of what?
Skin and fascia
The space between the arm and chest wall that is in the shape of a truncated pyramid?
The axilla. Divided into the apex (upper end) and base (lower end)
Name the four walls of the axilla?
Anterior wall formed by pec. Major
Posterior wall formed by lattisimus Dorsi and teres major
Medial wall formed by serratus anterior and upper ribs
Lateral wall by proximal medial aspect of the arm (bicipital furrow)
The anterior wall of the axilla is formed by what?
Pectoralis major
The posterior wall of the axilla is formed by what 2 muscles?
The lattisimus Dorsi and the teres major
The medial wall of the axilla is formed by what muscle and what bone group?
Serratus anterior
The upper ribs
The lateral wall of the axilla is formed what?
Proximal medial aspect of the arm (bicipital furrow)
The Pectoralis major forms what wall of the axilla?
The anterior wall
The proximal medial aspect of the arm (bicipital furrow) forms what wall of the axilla?
The lateral wall
The lattisimus Dorsi and the teres major form what wall of the axilla?
Posterior wall (fold)
The serratus anterior and the upper ribs form which wall of the axilla?
The medial wall
The contents (some of which pass through) of the axilla are?
The brachial plexus Axillary nerves Axillary vein Lymph nodes Adipose tissue
The brachial plexus, Axillary nerve, Axillary vein, lymph nodes, and adipose tissue are found within what structure?
The axilla
The deep fascia that encloses the brachial plexus and blood vessels is known as the?
The Axillary sheath
The Axillary sheath is a deep fascia that covers what?
The brachial plexus and blood vessels
In the axilla the nerves of the upper extremity come together to form a plexus known as?
The brachial plexus
The brachial plexus is divided into three general sections. Name the sections.
Trunks, divisions, and cords
The five spinal nerves that forms the brachial plexus?
C5 C6 C7 C8 T1
The two primary functions of the mammary glands?
- Provide nourishment to the infant
2. Transfer immune benefits to infants
The growth of the duct system of the mammary glands is triggered by what hormone?
Estrogen which is secreted by the ovaries and placenta
Spinal nerves C5-T1 come together to form what?
The brachial plexus
The upper trunk of the brachial plexus is formed by union of?
Spinal nerves
C5
C6
The trunk formed when the C5 and C6 unify?
Upper trunk
The middle trunk is formed by what?
Spinal nerve C7
The spinal nerve C7 forms which trunk of the brachial plexus?
The middle trunk
The spinal nerves that join to form the lower trunk of the brachial plexus are?
C8
T1
Which trunk is formed when spinal nerves C8 and T1 join together?
The lower trunk
The trunks of the brachial plexus are divided into 2 divisions?
Posterior and anterior
The lateral cord is formed from the _________ divisions of the middle and upper trunks.
The anterior divisions
The lateral cord is formed by the anterior divisions of which two trunks?
The middle and upper trunks
The lateral cords contain nerve fibers from what spinal nerves?
C5
C6
C7
The medial cord forms from the __________ division of the lower trunk.
Anterior division
The medial cord is formed from the anterior division from what trunk?
The lower trunk
The medial cord has nerve fibers from what spinal nerves?
C8
T1
The posterior cord is formed by what trunks?
The posterior division of all three trunks
Upper
Middle
Lower
The posterior cord has nerve fibers from what spinal nerves?
C5 C6 C7 C8 T1
Nerves of the brachial plexus that comes directly from spinal nerves?
Dorsal scapular
Long thoracic
The dorsal scapular and long thoracic are nerves of the brachial plexus that come from?
They come directly from the spinal nerves
The nerves of the brachial plexus that branch from the upper trunk?
Suprascapular
Nerve to the Subclavius
The suprascapular and nerve to the Subclavius branch from what part of the brachial plexus?
They branch from the upper trunk
The nerves of the brachial plexus that branch from the lateral cord?
Lateral pectoral
Musculocutaneous
Part of the median nerve
The lateral pectoral, the musculocutaneous, and part of the median nerve branch off of what part of the brachial plexus?
They branch from the lateral cord
The nerves of the brachial plexus that branch from the medial cord?
Medial pectoral Medial brachial cutaneous Medial antebrachial cutaneous Ulnar Part of the median
The medial pectoral, medial brachial cutaneous, medial antebrachial, ulnar and part of the median nerve are branches of what part of the brachial plexus?
They branch from The medial cord
The nerves of the brachial plexus that branch off of the posterior cord?
Upper and lower subscapular
Thoracodorsal
Radial
Axillary
The upper and lower subscapular, thoracodorsal,Axillary, and radial nerves branch off of what part of the brachial plexus?
They branch off the posterior cord.
The supraclavicular portion of the brachial plexus are?
The nerves that come from the spinal nerve roots and upper trunks. (Above the clavicle)
The infraclavicular portion of the brachial plexus is?
Nerves that come off of the cords. (Below the clavicle)
Descends down the back, deep to the rhomboid and levator scapular muscles.
The dorsal scapular nerve
The segmental innervation, motor supply, and Articular supply of the dorsal scapular nerve?
Segmental innervation: C5
Motor supply: rhomboid major,minor and levator scapula
Articular supply: acromioclavicular joint
Segmental innervation: C5
Motor supply: rhomboid major,minor and levator scapula
Articular supply: acromioclavicular joint
What nerve is this?
Dorsal scapular nerve which branches from the spinal nerves.
The seg. Innervation, and motor supply of the long thoracic nerve?
Seg innervation: C5,C6, and C7
Motor supply: serratus anterior
Seg innervation: C5,C6, and C7
Motor supply: serratus anterior
What nerve is this?
The long thoracic nerve which branches from the spinal nerves
Descends posteriorly from the spinal nerves that form the plexus to the anterior lateral aspect of the thoracic cage?
Long thoracic nerve
The path of the long thoracic nerve?
Descends posteriorly from the spinal nerves that form the plexus to the anterior lateral aspect of the thoracic cage
Passes laterally across the cervical region (deep to the trapezius) and deep to the muscles associated with the posterior of the scapula. Passes from the supraspinous fossa to the infraspinous fossa via an opening in the spine of the scapula.
Suprascapular nerve
The path of the suprascapular nerve?
Passes laterally across the cervical region (deep to the trapezius) and deep to the muscles associated with the posterior of the scapula. Passes from the supraspinous fossa to the infraspinous fossa via an opening in the spine of the scapula.
The seg. Innervation, motor supply, and Articular supply of the suprascapular nerve?
Seg. Inn: C5 and C6
Motor: supraspinatus and infraspinatus
Articular: shoulder joint
Seg. Inn: C5 and C6
Motor: supraspinatus and infraspinatus
Articular: shoulder joint
What nerve is this?
The suprascapular nerve which branches from the upper trunk
Descends posteriorly to the clavicle and often gives a branch to the phrenic nerve (which supplies the diaphragm muscle). When this branch is present it is known as the accessory phrenic nerve
Nerve to the Subclavius
The path of the nerve to the Subclavius
Descends posteriorly to the clavicle and often gives a branch to the phrenic nerve (which supplies the diaphragm muscle). When this branch is present it is known as the accessory phrenic nerve
The seg. Innervation, motor supply and Articular supply of the nerve to the Subclavius?
Seg. Inn: C5 and C6
Motor: Subclavius
Articular: sternoclavicular joint
Seg. Inn: C5 and C6
Motor: Subclavius
Articular: sternoclavicular joint
Which nerve is this?
Nerve to the Subclavius which branches from the upper trunk
The first nerve to come off of the lateral cord and often communicates directly with the medial pectoral nerve.
The lateral pectoral nerve
The path of the lateral pectoral nerve?
The first nerve to come off of the lateral cord and often communicates directly with the medial pectoral nerve.
The seg. Innervation and motor supply of the lateral pectoral nerve?
Seg. Inner: C5,C6, and C7
Motor: Pectoralis major
Seg. Inner: C5,C6, and C7
Motor: Pectoralis major
What nerve is this?
The lateral pectoral nerve which branches from the lateral cord which branches from the anterior divisions of the upper and middle trunks?
One of the terminal branches of the lateral cord,and it leaves the axilla it always passes through the belly of the coracobrachialis muscle and then runs between the biceps brachii and brachialis. The nerve continues into the forearm as the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve.
The musculocutaneous nerve
The nerve of the brachial plexus that passes through the belly of the coracobrachialis and then runs between the biceps brachii and brachialis.
Musculocutaneous nerve
Continues into the forearm as the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve. One of the terminal branches of the lateral cord.
The musculocutaneous nerve
Seg.innervation, motor supply, Articular supply, and cutaneous supply of the musculocutaneous nerve?
Seg.inn: C5,C6, and C7
Motor: coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and the brachialis
Articular: elbow joint
Cutaneous: lateral aspect of the forearm
Seg.inn: C5,C6, and C7
Motor: coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and the brachialis
Articular: elbow joint
Cutaneous: lateral aspect of the forearm
What nerve is this and where does it originate?
The musculocutaneous nerve and it branches from the lateral cord which is formed by the anterior divisions of the upper and middle trunks.
The first nerve branch to come off of the medial cord?
The medial pectoral nerve
The traits of the medial pectoral nerve?
The first nerve to branch off of the medial cord
Seg. Innervation, motor supply of the medial pectoral nerve?
Seg. Inn: C8 and T1
Motor: pectoral major and Pectoralis minor
Seg. Inn: C8 and T1
Motor: pectoral major and Pectoralis minor
Which nerve and it’s path of origin?
The medial pectoral nerve, which is the first branch of the medial cord which is formed from the anterior division of the lower trunk.
A branch off of the medial cord that supplies the medial aspect of the arm?
Medial brachial cutaneous nerve
Seg.innervation and cutaneous supply of the medial brachial cutaneous nerve?
Seg.inn: T1
Cutaneous: medial aspect of the arm
Seg.inn: T1
Cutaneous: medial aspect of the arm
Which nerve and trace it’s path of origin.
Medial brachial cutaneous nerve which is a branch of the medial cord which is formed from the anterior division of the lower trunk formed when spinal nerve C8 and T1 join.
A branch off of the medial cord that supplies the medial aspect of the forearm (antebrachium)?
The medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve
Seg.innervation and cutaneous supply of the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve.
Seg.inn: C8 and T1
Cutaneous: medial aspect of the forearm
Seg.inn: C8 and T1
Cutaneous: medial aspect of the forearm
The medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve which is a branch of the medial cord, which formed from the anterior division of the lower trunk, which is formed when C8 and T1 join.
A terminal branch of the medial cord. It descends between the Axillary artery and vein, down the medial aspect of the arm, as it leaves the arm, it becomes superficial passing through the groove at the distal end of the humerus, enters the antebrachium in the medial aspect and deep to the flexor Carpi ulnaris and runs with the ulnar artery
The ulnar nerve
A terminal branch of the medial cord that enters the antebrachium medial aspect deep to the flexor Carpi ulnaris and parallel to the ulnar artery, then crosses into the hand and divides into several branches.
The ulnar nerve
Descends between the Axillary artery and vein in the medial aspect of the arm, then becomes superficial as it passes through the groove at the distal end of the humerus and enters the antebrachium.
The ulnar nerve
The seg.innervation, motor supply, Articular supply and cutaneous supply of the ulnar nerve?
Seg.inn: C8 and T1__Motor: flexor Carpi ulnaris, half of flexor digitorum, hypothenar muscles
Articular: elbow and wrist joints
Cutaneous: medial aspect of the palm and dorsum, skin of digit five and part of digit four
Seg.inn: C8 and T1
Motor: flexor Carpi ulnaris, half of flexor digitorum, hypothenar muscles
Articular: elbow and wrist joints
Cutaneous: medial aspect of the palm and dorsum, skin of digit five
and part of digit four
The ulnar nerve which is a branch of the medial cord which is formed from the anterior division of the lower trunk.
Only branch of brachial plexus which is formed from more than one cord.
The median nerve
The nerve descends distally in the medial aspect of the arm, just lateral to the ulnar nerve, when it enters the forearm, it does so by passing between the bellies of the pronation teres muscle and then descends down the middle of the anterior forearm (between the flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus muscles) enters the hand deep to the flexor retinaculum, then enters palm and gives off several branches
The median nerve
The path of the median nerve
The nerve descends distally in the medial aspect of the arm, just lateral to the ulnar nerve, when it enters the forearm, it does so by passing between the bellies of the pronation teres muscle and then descends down the middle of the anterior forearm (between the flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus muscles) enters the hand deep to the flexor retinaculum, then enters palm and gives off several branches
Seg. Innervation, motor supply, Articular supply, and cutaneous supply of the median nerve?
Seg.inn: C6,C7,C8, and T1
Motor: pronator teres, flexor Carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor pollicus longus, half of flexor digitorum profundus, and thenar muscles
Articular: elbow and wrist joint
Cutaneous: lateral 3/4 of the palmar surface of the hand and the skin of the first 3 and 1/2 digits (palmar and dorsal aspect)
Seg.inn: C6,C7,C8, and T1
Motor: pronator teres, flexor Carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor pollicus longus, half of flexor digitorum profundus, and thenar muscles
Articular: elbow and wrist joint
Cutaneous: lateral 3/4 of the palmar surface of the hand and the skin of the first 3 and 1/2 digits (palmar and dorsal aspect)
The median nerve which is a branch formed by the medial and lateral cords, which are formed by the anterior aspects of the anterior divisions of all three trunks. Lateral from upper and middle trunks and medial from lower trunk.
A branch of the posterior cord that supplies the subscapularis?
Upper subscapular nerve
The seg. Innervation and motor supply of the upper subscapular nerve?
Seg.inn: C5
Motor: subscapularis
Seg.inn: C5
Motor: subscapularis
The upper subscapular nerve which is a branch of the posterior cord, that is formed from the posterior divisions of all three trunks
A branch of the posterior cord that supplies the subscapularis and teres major?
The lower subscapular nerve
The seg.innervation and motor supply for the lower subscapular nerve?
Seg. Inn: C6
Motor: subscapularis and teres major
Seg. Inn: C6
Motor: subscapularis and teres major
What nerve is this?
Lower subscapular nerve that is a branch of the posterior cord which is formed from the posterior divisions of all three trunks.
The smaller and more lateral of the terminal branches of the posterior cord, associated with the surgical neck of the humerus.
Axillary nerve
Traits of the Axillary nerve
The smaller and more lateral of the terminal branches of the posterior cord, associated with the surgical neck of the humerus.
Seg.innervation, motor supply, Articular supply, and cutaneous supply of the Axillary nere?
Seg.inn: C5 and C6
Motor: deltoid and teres minor
Articular: shoulder joint
Cutaneous: lateral aspect of the arm, forms a specific branch at the nerve which is known as the lateral brachial cutaneous
Seg.inn: C5 and C6 Motor: deltoid and teres minor Articular: shoulder joint Cutaneous: lateral aspect of the arm, forms a specific branch at the nerve which is known as the lateral brachial cutaneous Which nerve is this ?
The Axillary nerve which is a branch of the posterior cord.
Runs down the lateral aspect of the thoracic cage, just lateral to the long thoracic nerve.
Thoracodorsal nerve
The path of the thoracodorsal nerve
Runs down the lateral aspect of the thoracic cage, just lateral to the long thoracic nerve
Seg.inn and motor supply of the thoracodorsal nerve?
Seg.inn: C6,C7, and C8
Motor: latissimus Dorsi
Seg.inn: C6,C7, and C8
Motor: latissimus Dorsi
Which nerve?
The thoracodorsal nerve which is a branch of the posterior cord
The larger and more medial of the terminal branches of the posterior cord. When it enters forearm divides into superficial and deep branches
Radial nerve
The nerve descends from the axilla to the posterior aspect of the arm, where it comes in contact with the shaft of the humerus at the spiral groove (behind the deltoid tuberosity) between the lateral and medial heads of the triceps brachii, then enters the forearm and divides into superficial and deep branches.
Radial nerve
Seg.inn: C5,C6,C7,C8, and T1
Motor: triceps brachii and anconeous all the posterior forearm muscles
Articular: elbow and wrist joints
Cutaneous: most of posterior forearm; dorsum of the hand (not supplied by median or ulnar nerves) and small area of skin below the thumb on the palmar aspect of the hand.
The radial nerve a branch of the posterior cord
The seg.inn, motor supply, Articular supply and cutaneous supply of the radial nerve.
Seg.inn: C5,C6,C7,C8, and T1
Motor: triceps brachii and anconeous all the posterior forearm muscles
Articular: elbow and wrist joints
Cutaneous: most of posterior forearm; dorsum of the hand (not supplied by median or ulnar nerves) and small area of skin below the thumb on the palmar aspect of the hand.
