gross exam 1 practice Qs Flashcards
what is the contractile unit of a muscle?
myofibrils
an increase in mscle size due to an actual increase in the number of muscle fibers is referred to as hypertrophy? true or flase
false
type 1 or 2
primarily uses fatty acids to produce energy
type 1
type 1 or 2
contains few mitochondria
type 2
type 1 or 2
slow twitch muscles
type 1
type 1 or 2
fatigues easier
type 2
type 1 or 2
atrophy with immobilization
type 1
I-bands (dark or Light?) contain a contractile protein that consists of (actin or Myosin?)
light, Actin
during exercise lactic acid will begin to accumulate in which phase?
phase 3
list the methods to increase muscle function and size?
carbohydrate loading, use of caffeine, blood doping, anabolic steroids
mature human milk has the highest composition of?
water
concerning the neuromuscular junction, what substance exposure would cause you not to find acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft?
botulin toxin
the penetration of collagen fibers into the bone is known as?
shapey’s fibers
A __________ is a thickened band of deep fascia which is found at joints and functions to bind down tendons and nerves that cross the joint
retinaculum
what is the name for obstruction of arterial supply resulting in the loss of muscle fibers?
ischemic necrosis
the first bone to undergo ossification in the fetus?
clavicle
an undescended scapula brought about by attachment to a cervical vertebrae by either bone, cartilage or fibrous attachment is known as?
sprengel’s deformity
list the four hormones that influence the development of the mammary glands that help produce milk?
estrogen, progesterone, prolactin, oxytocin
extra nipples which may or may not be associated with mammary gland tissue?
supernumerary nipples
what is another name for the adduction of the scapula?
retraction
what cord does the median nerve come from?
both the medial and the lateral
galactorrhea is a benign tumor that is much more common than cancerous growth. true or flase
false- chronic cystic mastitis
a patient comes to your office with paresthesia of the medial antebracium and digits 4 & 5, you suspect subluxation irritating which spinal nerve?
C8
Erb-Duchenne Palsy compromises which of the following spinal nerves?
C5 and C6
an increase in size due to high resistance exercise is due to?
hyperplasia
what is the name of the cell membrane that surrounds each muscle fiber?
endomysium
which muscle cell organelle stores calcium ions?
sarcoplasmic reticulum
type 1 fibers primarily use what substrate to produce energy?
fatty acids
the base of the axilla is made up of?
skin and fascia
concerning the arm, the area from the shoulder joint to the elbow is defined as the?
anatomical arm
the radial nerve innervates what muscle of the arm?
triceps brachii
muscle spindles contain what type of the muscle fibers?
intrafusal
what hormone is secreted by the ovary and placenta and promote the growth of the secretory cells of the mammary glands?
progesterone
an undescended scapula is seen with what disorder?
sprengel’s deformity
what is the term for obstruction of arterial supply resulting in the loss of muscle fibers?
ischemic necrosis
the first bone to undergo ossification in a fetus uses what kind of ossification for its primary center?
intramembranous ossification
the cords of the brachial plexus are named in relation to what structure?
they are named to show their relation to the axillary artery
what is the hereditary condition in which the clavicles are missing or abnormally developed?
cleidocranial
what is the first secretions of a mother’s mammary glands that are especially rich in immunoglobins?
colostrum
what is the insertion point of the pectoralis major?
lateral aspect of the intertubercular groove (greater tuberosity)
what is the term when a movement can be performed, but is weak?
Paresis
a child with hyperplastic thymus may have an increased risk of developing what autoimmune disorder?
myasthenia gravis
these are the collagen fibers that penetrate into the bone?
sharpey’s fibers
this method for increasing muscle function is also known as induced erythocytothemia?
blood doping
this is a thickened band of deep fascia, which bands tendons and nerves as it crosses a joint
retinaculum
what is the name of a muscle that assists the prime mover in performing its action?
synergists
upon a detailed physical exam, you discover a patients thoracodorsal nerve is supplied by C5, C6 and C7 spinal nerve roots, what can be said about this patient’s brachial plexus?
they have a prefixed brachial plexus
what is another name for abduction of the scapula?
protraction
besides stabilizing the S-C joint, what is another action of the subclavius muscle?
serves as a protective cushion between a fractured clavicle and underlying blood vessels
the musculocutaneous nerve is supplied by what spinal nerves?
C5, C6, C7
the Pectoralis Major is innervated by which spinal nerve roots?
C5,C6,C7,C8,T1
the medial brachial cutaneous nerve of a post fixed brachial plexus is supplied by which spinal nerve roots?
T2 would be postfixed C8 would be prefixed
the nerve that innervates the serratus anterior?
the long thoracic nerve
identify the nerve that passes between the medial and lateral heads of the triceps brachii?
the radial nerve
identify the nerves that supply the shoulder joint?
axillary nerve, suprascapular nerve,
the nerve that continues into the forearm as the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve?
the musculocutaneous nerve
this nerve supplies the skin of the lateral palmer surface of the hand and the first 3 and 1/2 digits?
the median nerve
