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Gross Anatomy 1 > gross exam 1 practice Qs > Flashcards

gross exam 1 practice Qs Flashcards

1
Q

what is the contractile unit of a muscle?

A

myofibrils

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2
Q

an increase in mscle size due to an actual increase in the number of muscle fibers is referred to as hypertrophy? true or flase

A

false

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3
Q

type 1 or 2

primarily uses fatty acids to produce energy

A

type 1

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4
Q

type 1 or 2

contains few mitochondria

A

type 2

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5
Q

type 1 or 2

slow twitch muscles

A

type 1

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6
Q

type 1 or 2

fatigues easier

A

type 2

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7
Q

type 1 or 2

atrophy with immobilization

A

type 1

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8
Q

I-bands (dark or Light?) contain a contractile protein that consists of (actin or Myosin?)

A

light, Actin

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9
Q

during exercise lactic acid will begin to accumulate in which phase?

A

phase 3

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10
Q

list the methods to increase muscle function and size?

A

carbohydrate loading, use of caffeine, blood doping, anabolic steroids

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11
Q

mature human milk has the highest composition of?

A

water

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12
Q

concerning the neuromuscular junction, what substance exposure would cause you not to find acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft?

A

botulin toxin

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13
Q

the penetration of collagen fibers into the bone is known as?

A

shapey’s fibers

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14
Q

A __________ is a thickened band of deep fascia which is found at joints and functions to bind down tendons and nerves that cross the joint

A

retinaculum

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15
Q

what is the name for obstruction of arterial supply resulting in the loss of muscle fibers?

A

ischemic necrosis

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16
Q

the first bone to undergo ossification in the fetus?

A

clavicle

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17
Q

an undescended scapula brought about by attachment to a cervical vertebrae by either bone, cartilage or fibrous attachment is known as?

A

sprengel’s deformity

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18
Q

list the four hormones that influence the development of the mammary glands that help produce milk?

A

estrogen, progesterone, prolactin, oxytocin

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19
Q

extra nipples which may or may not be associated with mammary gland tissue?

A

supernumerary nipples

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20
Q

what is another name for the adduction of the scapula?

A

retraction

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21
Q

what cord does the median nerve come from?

A

both the medial and the lateral

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22
Q

galactorrhea is a benign tumor that is much more common than cancerous growth. true or flase

A

false- chronic cystic mastitis

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23
Q

a patient comes to your office with paresthesia of the medial antebracium and digits 4 & 5, you suspect subluxation irritating which spinal nerve?

A

C8

24
Q

Erb-Duchenne Palsy compromises which of the following spinal nerves?

A

C5 and C6

25
Q

an increase in size due to high resistance exercise is due to?

A

hyperplasia

26
Q

what is the name of the cell membrane that surrounds each muscle fiber?

A

endomysium

27
Q

which muscle cell organelle stores calcium ions?

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

28
Q

type 1 fibers primarily use what substrate to produce energy?

A

fatty acids

29
Q

the base of the axilla is made up of?

A

skin and fascia

30
Q

concerning the arm, the area from the shoulder joint to the elbow is defined as the?

A

anatomical arm

31
Q

the radial nerve innervates what muscle of the arm?

A

triceps brachii

32
Q

muscle spindles contain what type of the muscle fibers?

A

intrafusal

33
Q

what hormone is secreted by the ovary and placenta and promote the growth of the secretory cells of the mammary glands?

A

progesterone

34
Q

an undescended scapula is seen with what disorder?

A

sprengel’s deformity

35
Q

what is the term for obstruction of arterial supply resulting in the loss of muscle fibers?

A

ischemic necrosis

36
Q

the first bone to undergo ossification in a fetus uses what kind of ossification for its primary center?

A

intramembranous ossification

37
Q

the cords of the brachial plexus are named in relation to what structure?

A

they are named to show their relation to the axillary artery

38
Q

what is the hereditary condition in which the clavicles are missing or abnormally developed?

A

cleidocranial

39
Q

what is the first secretions of a mother’s mammary glands that are especially rich in immunoglobins?

A

colostrum

40
Q

what is the insertion point of the pectoralis major?

A

lateral aspect of the intertubercular groove (greater tuberosity)

41
Q

what is the term when a movement can be performed, but is weak?

A

Paresis

42
Q

a child with hyperplastic thymus may have an increased risk of developing what autoimmune disorder?

A

myasthenia gravis

43
Q

these are the collagen fibers that penetrate into the bone?

A

sharpey’s fibers

44
Q

this method for increasing muscle function is also known as induced erythocytothemia?

A

blood doping

45
Q

this is a thickened band of deep fascia, which bands tendons and nerves as it crosses a joint

A

retinaculum

46
Q

what is the name of a muscle that assists the prime mover in performing its action?

A

synergists

47
Q

upon a detailed physical exam, you discover a patients thoracodorsal nerve is supplied by C5, C6 and C7 spinal nerve roots, what can be said about this patient’s brachial plexus?

A

they have a prefixed brachial plexus

48
Q

what is another name for abduction of the scapula?

A

protraction

49
Q

besides stabilizing the S-C joint, what is another action of the subclavius muscle?

A

serves as a protective cushion between a fractured clavicle and underlying blood vessels

50
Q

the musculocutaneous nerve is supplied by what spinal nerves?

A

C5, C6, C7

51
Q

the Pectoralis Major is innervated by which spinal nerve roots?

A

C5,C6,C7,C8,T1

52
Q

the medial brachial cutaneous nerve of a post fixed brachial plexus is supplied by which spinal nerve roots?

A

T2 would be postfixed C8 would be prefixed

53
Q

the nerve that innervates the serratus anterior?

A

the long thoracic nerve

54
Q

identify the nerve that passes between the medial and lateral heads of the triceps brachii?

A

the radial nerve

55
Q

identify the nerves that supply the shoulder joint?

A

axillary nerve, suprascapular nerve,

56
Q

the nerve that continues into the forearm as the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve?

A

the musculocutaneous nerve

57
Q

this nerve supplies the skin of the lateral palmer surface of the hand and the first 3 and 1/2 digits?

A

the median nerve

Gross Anatomy 1 (10 decks)

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