exam 3 blood vessels

Question 1

certain prominent veins, unaccompanied by arteries are found in the subcutaneous tissue of the lower limb. these are called what?

Answer 1

superficial (cutaneous) veins

Question 2

superficial veins communicate with deep veins via what?

Answer 2

perforating veins

Question 3

what are the most important superficial veins?

Answer 3

great and lesser saphenous veins

Question 4

what do the veins of the lower extremity have to maintain blood flow in an upward direction?

Answer 4

one way valves

Question 5

where does the great saphenous vein arise from?

Answer 5

medial aspect of the dorsal venous arch of the foot

Question 6

what vein passes superiorly in front of the medial malleolus as it passes the ankle joint?

Answer 6

great saphenous vein

Question 7

what vein ascends with the saphenous nerve along the medial aspect of the leg?

Answer 7

great saphenous vein

Question 8

the great saphenous vein passes behind the knee and curves to where?

Answer 8

forward to the medial aspect of the leg

Question 9

where does the great saphenous vein pass through before terminating in the femoral vein?

Answer 9

saphenous opening of the fascia lata

Question 10

what are the three tributaries that join into the great saphenous vein after it passes through the saphenous opening of the fascia lata?

Answer 10

superficial circumflex iliac vein
superficial epigastric vein
superficial or external pudendal

Question 11

where does the lesser saphenous vein arise from?

Answer 11

lateral aspect of the dorsal venous arch of the foot

Question 12

which vein ascends behind the lateral malleolus?

Answer 12

lesser saphenous vein

Question 13

the lesser saphenous vein follows the lateral border of the tendon calcaneus and runs up the posterior aspect of the leg, where it is accompanied by what nerve?

Answer 13

sural nerve

Question 14

where does the lesser saphenous vein normally terminate?

Answer 14

popliteal vein in the popliteal fossa

Question 15

the lesser saphenous vein usually terminates where?

Answer 15

great saphenous vein

Question 16

sometimes the lesser saphenous vein has a terminateion variation that causes it to branch to what veins?

Answer 16

great saphenous

popliteal vein

Question 17

what is the condition in which the veins become enlarged, twisted and painful due to poorly functioning valves?

Answer 17

varicose veins

Question 18

varicose veins occurs when the valves, which normally prevent blood from flowing back into the deep veins become?

Answer 18

incompetent

veins are not constricting but dilating instead causing blood to pool and enlarge veins

Question 19

some of the causes of varicose veins?

Answer 19

1. congenitally defective valves
2. pregnancy
3. overweight
4. inflammation of the vein

Question 20

what vein is commonly used for coronary artery bypass surgery?

Answer 20

great saphenous vein

Question 21

what are some of the reasons the great saphenous vein is used for bypass surgery?

Answer 21

• readily accessible
• long length
• high percentage of muscular and elastic fiber

Question 22

superior boundry of the femoral triangel?

Answer 22

inguinal ligament

Question 23

lateral boundry of the femoral triangle?

Answer 23

sartorius

Question 24

medial boundry of the femoral triange?

Answer 24

adductor longus

Question 25

contents of the femoral triangle from medial to lateral?

Answer 25

inguinal lymph nodes
femoral sheath and its contents
femoral nerve

Question 26

clinical significance of the femoral triangle?

Answer 26

• hernias are common

- arterial pressure point in the case of uncontrolled bleeding of lower extremity

Question 27

the connective tissue that encloses the femoral blood vessels?

Answer 27

femoral sheath

Question 28

what is the downward protrusion of the fascia covering the floor of the pelvic cavity?

Answer 28

femoral sheath

Question 29

allowing the femoral artery and vein to glide deep to the inguinal ligament during movements of the hip is the function of what?

Answer 29

femoral sheath

Question 30

the femoral sheath is divided into three compartments by the vertical septum. what are the three compartments?

Answer 30

• lateral for the femoral artery
• intermediate for the femoral vein
• medial which is known as the femoral canal

Question 31

what is the space that allows the femoral vein to expand when there is an increased venous rerun from the lower extremity?

Answer 31

femoral canal

Question 32

is the femoral canal wider in males or females?

Answer 32

wider in females

Question 33

what is the opening in the roof of the femoral canal?

Answer 33

femoral ring

Question 34

the femoral ring is a weak area in the floor of the pelvic cavity and is the usual originating place of what?

Answer 34

femoral hernia

Question 35

a femoral hernia is a protrusion of what? into where?

Answer 35

abdominal viscera through the femoral ring into the femoral canal

Question 36

the femoral hernia often appears as a tender mass in the proximal anterior thigh region and may become?

Answer 36

strangulated

blood supply to the herniated intestines is cut off