exam 3 blood vessels Flashcards
certain prominent veins, unaccompanied by arteries are found in the subcutaneous tissue of the lower limb. these are called what?
superficial (cutaneous) veins
superficial veins communicate with deep veins via what?
perforating veins
what are the most important superficial veins?
great and lesser saphenous veins
what do the veins of the lower extremity have to maintain blood flow in an upward direction?
one way valves
where does the great saphenous vein arise from?
medial aspect of the dorsal venous arch of the foot
what vein passes superiorly in front of the medial malleolus as it passes the ankle joint?
great saphenous vein
what vein ascends with the saphenous nerve along the medial aspect of the leg?
great saphenous vein
the great saphenous vein passes behind the knee and curves to where?
forward to the medial aspect of the leg
where does the great saphenous vein pass through before terminating in the femoral vein?
saphenous opening of the fascia lata
what are the three tributaries that join into the great saphenous vein after it passes through the saphenous opening of the fascia lata?
superficial circumflex iliac vein
superficial epigastric vein
superficial or external pudendal
where does the lesser saphenous vein arise from?
lateral aspect of the dorsal venous arch of the foot
which vein ascends behind the lateral malleolus?
lesser saphenous vein
the lesser saphenous vein follows the lateral border of the tendon calcaneus and runs up the posterior aspect of the leg, where it is accompanied by what nerve?
sural nerve
where does the lesser saphenous vein normally terminate?
popliteal vein in the popliteal fossa
the lesser saphenous vein usually terminates where?
great saphenous vein
sometimes the lesser saphenous vein has a terminateion variation that causes it to branch to what veins?
great saphenous
popliteal vein
what is the condition in which the veins become enlarged, twisted and painful due to poorly functioning valves?
varicose veins
varicose veins occurs when the valves, which normally prevent blood from flowing back into the deep veins become?
incompetent
veins are not constricting but dilating instead causing blood to pool and enlarge veins
some of the causes of varicose veins?
- congenitally defective valves
- pregnancy
- overweight
- inflammation of the vein
what vein is commonly used for coronary artery bypass surgery?
great saphenous vein
what are some of the reasons the great saphenous vein is used for bypass surgery?
- readily accessible
- long length
- high percentage of muscular and elastic fiber
superior boundry of the femoral triangel?
inguinal ligament
lateral boundry of the femoral triangle?
sartorius
medial boundry of the femoral triange?
adductor longus
contents of the femoral triangle from medial to lateral?
inguinal lymph nodes
femoral sheath and its contents
femoral nerve
clinical significance of the femoral triangle?
- hernias are common
- arterial pressure point in the case of uncontrolled bleeding of lower extremity
the connective tissue that encloses the femoral blood vessels?
femoral sheath
what is the downward protrusion of the fascia covering the floor of the pelvic cavity?
femoral sheath
allowing the femoral artery and vein to glide deep to the inguinal ligament during movements of the hip is the function of what?
femoral sheath
the femoral sheath is divided into three compartments by the vertical septum. what are the three compartments?
- lateral for the femoral artery
- intermediate for the femoral vein
- medial which is known as the femoral canal
what is the space that allows the femoral vein to expand when there is an increased venous rerun from the lower extremity?
femoral canal
is the femoral canal wider in males or females?
wider in females
what is the opening in the roof of the femoral canal?
femoral ring
the femoral ring is a weak area in the floor of the pelvic cavity and is the usual originating place of what?
femoral hernia
a femoral hernia is a protrusion of what? into where?
abdominal viscera through the femoral ring into the femoral canal
the femoral hernia often appears as a tender mass in the proximal anterior thigh region and may become?
strangulated
blood supply to the herniated intestines is cut off
