Gross Anatomy Exam 3 Flashcards
6 regions of the lower limb
Gluteal Femoral (thigh) Knee Leg Ankle Foot
Os Coxae
ilium, ischium, pubis, acetabulum
Ilium
ala, iliac crest, iliac tubercle, ASIS, AIIS, PSIS, PIIS, Iliac fossa, body, posterior andterior and inferior gluteal lines, auricular surface, iliac tuberosity
Ischium
body, ramus, ischial tuberosity, ischial spine, lesser sciatic notch, greater sciatic notch
Pubis
body, superior rams, inferior ramus, symphaseal surface, pubic crest, pubic tubercle, pectin pubis
Obturator Foramen
large oval opening in hip bone
surrounded by ischial and pubic rami
closed by obturator membrane creating the obturator canal
Acetabulum
large cup shaped cavity on lateral aspect of hip bone
articulates with femoral head and forms hip joint
Acetabular notch, acetabular fossa, lunate surface
Femur
head with fovea, neck, greater trochanter, lesser trochanter, intertrochanteric line, intertrochanteric crest, quadrate tubercle, trochanteric fossa, shaft, line aspera - medial and lateral lips, gluteal tuberosity, pectineal line, medial and lateral supracondylar lines, medial and lateral femoral condyles, intercondylar fossa, patellar surface, adductor tubercle
Patella
Base, apex and articular surface
Tibia
shin bone, on antero lateral side of leg, articulates with femoral condyle superiorly, and talus inferiorly, fibular laterally, transmits body weight to foot
medial and lateral condyles, superior articular surface, intercondylar eminence, intercndylar tubercles, ant and post intercondylar areas, anterolateral tibial tubercle (Gerdy’s tubercle), tibial tuberosity, fibular articular facet, ant border of tibia, medial surface, medial malleoulus, interosseous border, fibular notch, soleal line, groove for tibialis post tendon, inferior articular surface
Fibula
no function of weight bearing, articulates with tibia and talus
head, neck, shaft, ant interosseus and post borders, medial post and lateral surfaces, lateral malleolus
Tarsals
Talus, calcaneus, Navicular, cuboid, cuneiforms
Talus
no muscular or tendinous attachment, only bone that articulate with leg, divides body weight between calcaneus and forefoot
trochlea body, posterior process, head, neck
Calcaneus
largest, strongest bone in foot
transmits majority of body weight from talus to ground
superior surface, anterior surface, fibular trochlea, sustentaculum tali, calcaneal tuberosity
Navicular
flattened, boat shaped bone
b/w talus and 2 cuniforms
navicular tuberosity
Cuboid
most lateral bone in distal row of tarsals
b/w calcaneus post and 4th and 5th metatarsals anteriorly
tuberosity of cuboid, groove fro tendon of fibularis longus
Cuneiforms
each articulates with navicular posteriorly and base appropriate metatarsals anteriorly
medial (1st) largest
Intermediate (2nd) smallest
lateral (3rd) articulate with cuboid
Metatarsals
make up forefoot, 5 numbered from medial to lateral, 1st is the shortest and 2nd is the longest
base, shaft, head
Phalanges
base shaft and head
Sacroiliac Joint
weight bearing compound joint b/w sacrum and iliac syndesmosis posteriorly b/w tubercles and synovial anteriorly b/w auricular surfaces Ligmaments Anterior scroiliac Interosseous sacroiliac posterior sacroiliac sacrotuberous sacrospinous
Pubic Symphysis
fibrocartilage disk at union of pubic bones in anterior median plane, thicker in females
Ligaments
superior pubic ligament
inferior pubis ligament
Greater Sciatic Foramen
piriformis muscle superior gluteal n.a.v. inferior gluteal n.a.v. internal pudendal a.v. pudendal n. posterior femoral cutaneous n. sciatic n. nerve to obturator internus and quadratus femoris
Lesser Sciatic Foramen
obturator internus tendon
nerve to obturator internus
internal pudendal a.v.
pudendal n.
Hip Joint
designed for stability over wide range of movement, synovial joint
connects pelvic girdle and lower limb, ball and socket b/w head of femur and acetabulum
femoral head covered with articular cartilage and acetabulum
acetabulum labrum
permits flex/ext, MR/LR, ABD/ADD and circumduction
Ligaments of Hip Joint
transverse acetabular ligament orbicular zone ischiofemoral ligament iliofemoral ligament pubofemoral ligament ligamentum capitis femoris
superior gluteal artery
from internal iliac artery anastamoses with inferior gluteal and medial femoral circumflex arteries participates in trochanteric anastamosis superficial branch deep branch
inferior gluteal artery
from internal iliac artery
anastamoses with superior gluteal artery
participates in cruciate anastamosis
Internal pudendal artery
from internal iliac artery
passes thru gluteal region between sacrotuberous ad sacrospinous ligaments
does not supply anything in gluteal region
Profunda Femoris artery
from femoral artery
medial femoral circuflex artery
lateral femoral circumflex artery - ascending, transverse and descending branch
perforating arteries - usually 4 of them the 1st participates in anastamoses with inferior gluteal artery and cruciate anastamosis
Gluteal Veins
tributaries of internal iliac vein
accompany corresponding arteries
communicate with tributaries of femoral vein, provide alternative route for blood from lower limbic femoral vein is occluded or ligated
Cruciate Anastamosis
important for keeping lower limb viable
stenosis, damage or blockage of the external iliac or femoral arteries could cause series issues
provides connection between internal iliac arteries and femoral arteries - via profunda femurs artery
Involves the following arteries
inferior gluteal artery
medial femoral circumflex artery
lateral femoral circumflex artery ascending and transverse
1st perforating artery of profunda femoris
Superior Gluteal nerve
from VPR L4-S1
supplies gluteus medis, minims and tensor fascia lata
Inferior Gluteal nerve
from VPR L5-S2
supplies gluteal maximus muscle
Sciatic Nerve
from VPR L4-S3
does not supply anything in the gluteal region
Nerve to Obturator Femoris
from VPR L4-S1
supplies quadratus femurs and inferior gamellus muscles
Nerve to Obturator Internus
from VPR L5-S2
supplies obturatr interns and superior gemellus muscles
Pudendal Nerve
from VPR S2-4
does not supply anything in gluteal region
Clunial Nerve
superior from DPR of L1-3, supplies superior buttock
middle from DPR S1-3, supply skin over sacrum and adjacent buttock
inferior from posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
Lumbosacral Plexus
consists of VPR from L1-L4 with inconsistent contributions from T12
formed within psoas major muscle
each receives postsynaptic sympathetics via tray rami communicantes`
Iliohyopgastric and ilioinguinal nerves
VPR of L1
innervate the abdominal wall muscle and L1 derma tom anteriorly
Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve
VPR of L2-3
enters thigh deep to inguinal ligament and medial in ASIS
sensory to anterolateral skin of thigh
Femoral Nerve
Posterior divisions of VPR of L2-4
passes deep to inguinal ligament and then to anterior thigh
innervates the hip flexors and knee extensors, sensory to anterior and medial thigh and anteromedial leg and foot
Genitofemoral Nerve
VPR of L1-L2
genital branch passes through deep inguinal ring
sensory to anterolateral skin of scrotum/labia majora, motor to the cremaster muscle
femoral branch passes along external iliac artery, sensory innervation over femoral triangle
Obturator Nerve
anterior divisions VPR or L2-4
motor to medial thigh muscles and sensory to medial thigh above knee
Lumbosacral Trunk
VPR L4-5
participates with S1-S4 in forming the sacral plexus
Sacral Plexus of Nerves
composed of VPR of S1-S4 and lumbosacral trunk
all branches except those to pelvic diaphragm leave pelvis via greater sciatic foramen above or below pelvis
all branches receive tray rami commincans from sympathetic trunk
Superior Gluteal Nerve
posterior divisions VPR L4-S1
enters gluteal region via greater sciatic foramen
sensory to hip and motor to gluteus medius, minimus and tensor fascia lata
Inferior Gluteal Nerve
posterior divisions VPR L5-S2
enters the gluteal region via the greater sciatic foramen
sensory to hip and motor to gluteus maximus muscle
Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve
anterior and posterior divisions of VPR S1-3
sensory to skin of upper thigh, lateral perineum, inferior buttock, posterior thigh and popliteal fossa
Sciatic nerve
anterior and posterior divisions of VPR L4-S3
located midway b/ ischial tuberosity and greater trochanter in gluteal region
composed of two division: tibial (anterior div) and common fibular (posterior div)
sensory to hip, knee, ankle and all foot joints, posterior and anteriolateral leg, skin of foot
motor to hamstrings, hamstring portions of adductor magnus and all leg and foot muscles
Pudendal Nerve
anterior divisions of VPR S2-4
exits pelvis via greater sciatic foramen below piriformis muscle b/w sacrotuberour and sacrospinous ligaments
enters perineum via lesser sciatic forament
sensory to perineal skin, penis and clitoris
motor to perineal muscles, pelivc diaphragm and external anal sphincter
Nerve to Quadriceps Femoris
anterior divisions of VPR L4-S1
enters gluteal region via greater sciatic nerve
sensory to hip and motor to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus
Nerve to Obturator Internus
posterior divisions of VPR L5-S2
exits pelvis via greater sciatic foramen and enter pelvis via lesser sciatic foramen
sensory to hip and motor to superior gemellus and obturator internus muscles
Fascia Lata
continuous superiorly with: anteriorly with the inguinal ligament pubic arch body of pubis and pubic tubercle, posteriorly and lateral with iliac crest, and posterior medial with sacrum coccyx sacrotuberous ligament and ischial tuberosity ischopubic ramu
conituous inferiorly with: exposed parts of bone around knee, popliteal fascia, deep fascia of leg inferior to the knee
Thickens laterally to form Iliotibial band:
-shared aponeurosis of tensor fascia lat a and glutes maximus
-from iliac tubercle to anterolateral tubercle of tibia (gerdy’s tubercle)
3 compartments of Fascia Lata
Anterior, Medial and Posterior
Septa of compartments: Lateral is the strongest, Medial and an unnamed
Saphenous Opening
gap or hiatus inferior to medial part of inguinal ligament
has smooth medial margin
superior, lateral and inferior margins form a sharp crescentic edge - falciform margin, joined at the medial margin by cruciform fascia
-localied membranous tissue that closes saphenous opneing
pierced by numerous openings for lymphatic vessels and great saphenous vein
Posterior Thigh
have common origin
cross hip and knee joints
share common insertion
supplied by perforating branches of profunda femurs artery
Inferior Gluteal Artery
from the internal iliac artery
supplies the superior part of hamstrings
Perforating Arteries
from the profunda femoris artery
supply hamstring muscles
Perforating Veins
accompany arteries of same name
drain to profunda femoris vein
communicate superiorly with inferior gluteal vein and inferiorly with popliteal vein
Sciatic Nerve
from VPR L4-S3
descends in posterior thigh deep to biceps femoris muscle
composed of 2 divisions
Tibial Division of Sciatic Nerve
L4-S3
supplies the true hamstrings
Common Fibular Division of Sciatic Nerve
L4-S2
supplies short head of biceps femoris muscle
Posterio Cunteous Nerve of the Thigh
from VPR S1-3
supplies skin over posterior thigh and popliteal fossa
Anterior Thigh Muscles
generally innervated by femoral nerve
contains flexors of hip and extensors of knee
includes pectinous, iliopsoas, sartorius, and quadriceps femoris
supplied by femoral and profunda femoris arteries
Medial Thigh Muscles
comprises the adductor group
includes adductor longs, brevis and magnus and gracillis muscles
all supplied by obturator nerve, except hamstring part of adductor magnus muscle
supplied by obturator artery (anterior or posterior)
Adductor Hiatus
opening b/w distal attachments of two adductor magnus parts
located just lateral and superior to adductor tubercle
Transmits femoral artery and vein to/from adductor canal to/from popliteal fossa
Does not contain saphenous nerve
Femoral Artery
direct continuation of external iliac artery distal to inguinal ligament and primary a of lower limb
this is one of 4 places to take a pulse
passes thru the femoral triangle lateral to femoral v.
branches into descending genicular artery before adductor hiatus
trerminates as it traverses adductor hiatus to become the politeal artery
Superficial Circumflex iliac artery
from the femoral artery just past inguinal l.
parallels inguinal l. towards ASIS
Superficial Epigastric Artery
from femoral artery
runs subcutaneously towards umbilicus
Superficial and Deep External Pudendal Arteries
from femoral artery
runs to skin of scrotum and labia majora
Profunda Femoris Artery
from lateral or posterior side of femoral artery
chief artery of thigh
gives rise to;
medial femoral circumflex artery- supplies blood to the head and neck of femur is involved in cruciate anastamosis
lateral femoral circumflex artery - mainly supplies the lateral thigh muscles
divides into ascending (cruciate anastamosis), transverse (cruciate anastamosis), descending (genicular anastamosis)
gives of 3 perforating arteries and the 4 terminates it
1st perforating is involved in cruciate anastamosis
traverses the adductor canal and branches off to
Descending Genicular Artery
beaches off the femoral artery just before femoral artery passes thru adductor hiatus
participates in genicular anastamosis
Obturator Artery
from the internal iliac artery
20% branch from inferior epigastric, accessory or replacement obturator arteries
Divides into the anterior branch of obturator artery and posterior branch of obturator artery
Also forms the ace tabular branch which supplies the head of femur thru the ligament to the head of the femur
Great Saphenous Vein
from medial spect of dorsal venous arch
ascends anteriorly to medial malleolus
passes posteriorly at medial femoral condyle, found in subcutaneous tissue of medial thigh
traverses saphenous opening, drains into femoral vein
Accessory Saphenous Vein
joining of medial and posterior thigh tributaries
when present is main communication b/w saphenous veins
Femoral Vein
direct continuation of popliteal vein as it traverses adductor hiatus
ascends thru adductor canal
enters femoral sheath lateral to femoral canal
becomes external iliac vein posterior to inguinal ligament
Lymphatics
pass the superficial inguinal nodes then to external iliac nodes
Femoral Nerve
from posterior divisions VPR L2-4
located in the femoral triangle
Femoral cauda equina- collective name for numerous branches of femoral nerve found in femoral triangle
supplies anterior compartment muscles
Saphenous Nerve
comes from the femoral nerve
runs in the adductor canal but does not pass thru the adductor hiatus
does not supply anything in the thigh but it does in the leg
Anterior Cutaneous branch
Gives rise to the medial cutaneous branch and the intermediate cutaneous branch
Obturator Nerve
from anterior division of VPR L2-4
exits the obturator canal, divides into the anterior and posterior branches that are separated by adductor brevis muscle
Ant. branch supplies longs, brevis and gracilic
Post. branch supplies brevis, and adductor part of adductor magnus and obturator externus
Sensory to skin of medial thigh just above knee
Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve
From VPR L2-3
supplies skin on anterior and lateral thigh
Genitofemoral Nerve
From VPR L1-2
Femoral branch supplies the skin over lateral femoral triangle
Ilioinguinal Nerve
From VPR L1
supplies the skin of upper medial thigh
Femoral Triangle
located inferior to inguinal ligament
N.A.V.L.
boundaries: base - inguinal l.
medial border - lateral border of adductor longs
lateral border - sartorius m.
Floor - pectinous m and iliopsoas m
Roof - fascia lata, cribriform fascia, subcutaneous tissue, skin
contains: femoral n., femoral a., femoral v. and deep inguinal lymph nodes and vessels
Retro Inguinal space
is deep to the inguinal ligament
divided into 2 compartments by iliopectineal arch
thickening of iliopsoas fascia
from inguinal l. to iliopubic eminence
two compartments are lacuna musculorum and lacuna vasculorum
Lacuna Musculorum
lateral compartment
outside femoral sheath
lateral to fermoral artery
contains the iliopsoas muscle and femoral nerve
Lacuna Vasculorum
medial compartment encloses femoral sheath contains femoral a. and several branches femoral v. and tributaries deep inguinal lymph nodes and lymph vessels weak area and site of femoral hernia
Femoral Sheath
funnel shaped fascial tube
lines lacuna vasculorum
formed by transversals fascia and iliopsoas fascia in abdomen
terminates inferiorly by blending with adventitia of femoral vessels
encloses proximal parts of femoral vessels and creates femoral canal medial to them
allows femoral a. and v. to glide deep to inguinal l.
Divided into 3 compartments; lateral, intermediate and medial
Lateral Compartment of Femoral Sheath
for the femoral artery
Intermediate Compartment of Femoral Sheath
for the femoral vein
Medial Compartment of Femoral Sheath
constitutes femoral canal where lymphatics pass and site of herniation
Femoral Canal
b/w medial edge of femoral sheath and femoral vein
extends to level of saphenous opening
allows femoral vein to expand in temporary stasis and times of increase venous return from lower limb
contains loose CT and lymphatics
base of canal is femoral ring
Femoral ring
small opening at proximal end of femoral canal
closed extra peritoneal fat and parietal peritoneum
pierced by lymphatics b/w inguinal and external iliac nodes
Adductor Canal
also know as sub sartorial canal or Hunters Canal
narrow passageway in middle of thigh
extends from apex of femoral triangle to adductor hiatus
Passage for: femoral a. and v., saphenous n. and N. to vastus medialis
Boundaries: Anteriorly and laterally - vastus medialis, Posteriorly - adductor longus and magnus, Medially - sartorius muscle
Anteromedial intermuscular septum - b/w adductors longus and magnus and vastus medialis miscles, adductor hiatus is located inferior to this structure
Knee Joint
function commonly impaired with hyperextension
stability depends on: strength and actions of surrounding mm. and tt., the most important is quadriceps femurs (vastus medialis and lateralis)
ligaments connect femur and tibia
fibula has no articulation with femur
permits flex/ext, slight medial and lateral rotation (with flexed knee)
Features: hinge type synovial joint
Consists of 3 articulations- 2 femorotibial and 1 femoropatellar
joint capsule has an opening posterior and lateral to tibial condyle allowing polite us tendon to exit capsule
anteriorly, muscles and tendons replace capsule
Suprapatellar Bursa
may extend halfway up anterior femur
synovial membrane of capsule is continuous with synovial lining of bursa
muscle slips from vastus intermedius form articulates genu muscle, retract bursa during extension
Bursae around knee
Subcutaneous Prepatellar and infrapatellar - located at convex surface of joint allow skin to move freely during movement of knee
Suprapatellar - infection of this one may spread to knee cavity
Popliteus
Anserine
Gastrocnemius
Ligaments of the Knee
Extracapsular
patellar l. fibular collateral ligament tibial collateral ligament oblique popliteal ligament arcuate popliteal ligament
Ligaments of the Knee
Intracapsular
Cruciate ligaments- Anterior cruciate ligament Posterior Cruciate ligament Menisci- medial and lateral menisci coronary ligmanet transverse ligament of knee
Patellar Ligament
from apex and adjoining margins of patellar to tibial tuberosity
anterior ligament of knee joint
receives medial and laterall patellar retinaculua, helps to form the knee joint capsule and helps keep the patella alignment
fibular collateral ligmanet
strong and cord-like
lateral collateral ligament of the knee
taut with extension
from lateral epicondyle and femur to lateral surface of fibular head
tendon of popliteus passes deep to FCL separating ligament from meniscus
splits tendon of biceps femurs into two parts
Tibial Collateral Ligament
strong and flat, weaker than FCL
medial collateral ligament of the knee
taut with extension
from medial epicondyle of femur to medial surface of tibia
deep fibbers are firmly attached to medial meniscus, more often damaged
Oblique popliteal ligmanet
recurrent expansion of semimembranosus tendon
from medial tibial condyle passing superolaterally to lateral femoral condyle
reinforces joint capsule posteriorly
Arcuate popliteal ligament
from posterior aspect of fibular head passing superomedially over tendon of popliteus, spreads over posterior surface of knee joint
strengthens joint capsule posteriorlaterally
Cruciate Ligaments
cross each other obliquely within joint capsule, outside synovial cavity
during medial rotation of tibia on femur, wind around each other, limit MR to about 10 degrees
during LR it can go 60 degree especially when knee flexed it can go 90.
in every position 1 cruciate lig. is tense
Anterior Cruciate ligament
weaker b/c poor blood supply
from anterior intercondylar area
extends posteriorly superiorly and laterally
attaches to posterior part of medial side of lateral femoral condyle
prevents posterior displacement of femur on tibia
prevents anterior displacement of tibia on femur when knee flexed
resists hyperextension
Posterior Cruciate Ligament
stronger
from posterior intercondylar area
extends anteriorly, superiorly and medially
attaches to anterior part f lateral side of medial femoral condyle
prevents anterior displacement of femur on tibia
prevents posterior displacement of tibia on femur when knee is flexed
resists hyperextension of knee joint
main stabilizing factor of femur when weight bearing on the flexed knee (walking down hill)
Menisci
crescentic plates of firbrocartilage
deepen tibial plateau, act as shock absorber
thicker at external margins
unattached at interior of joint
firmly attached at ends to intercondylar area of tibia
Medial Meniscus
c shaped
adheres to deep surface of TCL
less mobile on tibial plateau, more prone to injury
Lateral Meniscus
neraly circular
smaller and more freely moveable
tendon to popliteus passes b/w it and FCL
posterior meniscofemoral ligament joins the lateral menaces to PCL and medial femoral condyle
Coronary Ligament
portions of joint capsule
extends b/w margins of menisci and periphery of tibial condyles
Transverse ligament of knee
joins anterior edges of menisci
crosses anterior intercondylar area
tethers menisci to each other
Popliteal Fossa
diamond shaped depression posterior to knee joint
Boundaries: superolateral-biceps femoris m
superomedial - semimembranosus and tendinosis
inferolateral - gastroc lateral head
inferomedial - gastroc medial head
posteriorly (roof) - skin of popliteal fascia
floor- medial and lateral supracondylar lines, soleal line of tibia and popliteus muscle
Contains; termination of small saphenous vein, popliteal a. and v., tibial and common fibular n., posterior cutaneous n. of thigh, lymphatics
Fascia of Popliteal Fossa
superficial fascia contains the small saphenous vein and 3 cuteness nerves
posterior cutaneous n of the thigh and medial and lateral sural cutaneous nerves
Deep fascia is continuous sup. with fascia lat a and inf. with crural fascia
forms protective layer covering structures passing from thigh to leg
forms a loose, but effective retinaculum for hamstring muscles
often pierced by small saphenous v.
Popliteal artery
continuation of femoral artery
one of four places to take a pulse
terminates by dividing into anterior and posterior tibial arteries at inferior border of politeus muscle
gives rise to medial and lateral superior and inferior genicular arteries and the middle genicular artery that all take part in genicular anastamosis
Genicular anastamosis
medial and lateral superior and inferior genicular arteries
middle genicular artery
descending genicular artery
descending branch of lateral femoral circumflex artery
anterior tibial recurrent artery
fibular circumflex artery
posterior tibiabl circumflex artery
Popliteal Vein
begins at inferior border of popliteus muscle
continuation of posterior tibial vein
receives small saphenous vein
becomes femoral vein as it traverses adductor hiatus
Lymphatics
superficial and deep popliteal nodes drain into deep inguinal nodes
ultimately end up in external ilac nodes
Tibiofibular joints
2 joints; superior tibiofibular joint and inferior tibiofibular joint (tibiofibular syndesmosis)
also held together by interosseous membrane
fibbers of all 3 run inferiorly from tibia to fibula
resists downward pull placed on fibula by 8 muscles
allows slight upward movement of fibular
movement at superior joint impossible without movement on inferior
anterior tibial vessels pass through hiatus at superior end of interosseus membrane
Superior Tibiofibular Joint
plane type synovial joint, permits slight upward movement during dorsiflexion
between flat facet of fibular head and similar articular facet on lateral tibial condyle
joint is crosses posteriorly by popliteal tendon
20% of time the popliteus bursa communicates with this joint capsule
Ligaments are an anterior and posterior ligaments of the fibular head
Inferior Tibiofibular Joint
Tibiofibular Syndesmosis
compound fibrous joint
integrity of joint is essential for stability of ankle
keeps lateral malleolus firmly against lateral surface of talus
features; b/w triangular area on medial surface of fibula with facet on end of tibia
fibrous union of tibia and fibula by, interosseous membrane, interosseous tibiofibular l., ant. tf l., post tf l.
permits slight movement to accommodate wide portion of trochlea during dorsiflexion
Crural Fascia
attaches to anterior and medial borders of tibia, continuous with periosteum
thick proximally and thinner distally
forms the anterior, posterior inter muscular septa dividing the leg into 4 compartments; anterior, lateral posterior deep and posterior superficial
forms retinacula that prevents bowstringing during ankle movements
Superior Extensor retinaculum
found anteriorly
passes from fibula to tibia proximal to malleoli
Inferior Extensor Retinaculum
found anteriorly
Y-shaped band
attaches laterally to calcaneus, medially to medial malleolus and inferiorly to plantar aponeurosis
great saphenous vein and superficial fibular n. pass superficial to extensor retinacula
Superior Fibular Retinaculum
found laterally
from lateral malleolus to calcaneus
Inferior Fibular Retinaculum
found laterally
from fibular trochlea to calcaneus
both cover tendons of fibularis longs and brevis
small saphenous v. and sural n. pass superficial
Flexor retinaculum
found medially
formed by distal part of transverse inter muscular septum
covers deep posterior compartment flexor tendons
Anterior Tibial Artery
from the popliteal artery
passes from posterior to anterior via gap in interosseous membrane
runs with deep fibular nerve
Forms the Anterior tibial recurrent artery that participates in genicular anastamosis
Also forms the Perforating branches which supply the lateral compartment of the leg
descends between TA and EDL, then TA and EHL
Supplies the anterior compartment of leg
Forms the Medial and Lateral melleolar branches supplying the ankle
Terminates as dorsalis pedis artery b/w malleoli
Anterior Tibial Vein
drains into posterior tibial vein
Deep Fibular Nerve
terminal branch of common fibular nerve also known as deep peroneal nerve Runs with anterior tibial artery supplies anterior compartment muscles Terminates as the lateral and medial branches of deep fibular nerve
Saphenous Nerve
from the femoral Nerve
runs with great saphenous vein
supplies skin of anteromedial and posteromedial leg
Superficial Fibular Nerve
terminal branch of common fibular nerve
only nerve in lateral compartment
terminates as medial dorsal cutaneous nerve and intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve
Lateral Sural Cutaneous Nerve
from common fibular nerve
supplies skin of upper lateral leg
Muscles of Posterior Comparment
divided into the superficial and deep compartments by the transverse intermuscular septum
Gastrocnemeus and soleus make up the triceps surae
Insert on the calcaneal tendon (achillies tendon)
most powerful and thickest tendon in body
