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3rd Year - Neurology > Gross Anatomy 3 - Spinal Nerves > Flashcards

Gross Anatomy 3 - Spinal Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What type of nerves fibres do spinal nerves contain?

A

Somatic general sensory

Motor function - somatic, sympathetic

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2
Q

What is neuralgia the technical term for?

A

Pain in the distribution of a nerve

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3
Q

What does paraesthesia mean?

A

Abnormal sensation e.g. pins and needles

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4
Q

What is the technical term for numbness?

A

Anaesthesia

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5
Q

What is hyperaesthesia?

A

Abnormal increased sensitivity

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6
Q

What is the name for loss of full control of bodily movements?

A

Ataxia

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7
Q

Is loss of co-ordination/ balance/ clumsiness caused by a sensory or motor problem?

A

Can be either

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8
Q

What part of the spinal nerve is tested during dermatomal spinal nerve testing?

A

Sensory function

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9
Q

What part of the spinal nerve is tested during myotomal spinal nerve testing?

A

Motor function

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10
Q

How is both the sensory and motor function of a spinal nerve tested at the same time?

A

By testing spinal cord reflexes

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11
Q

What primary cortex is located in the postcentral gyrus of the cerebral cortex?

A

Somatosensory

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12
Q

Spinal nerve roots of the femoral nerve?

A

L2, 3 and 4

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13
Q

Name of the nerve that supplies cutaneous innervation to lateral scalp down the lateral side of the neck?
Spinal nerve root(s)?

A

Lesser occipital nerve

C2

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14
Q

Name of the nerve that supplies cutaneous innervation to the lateral neck from the ear downwards?
Spinal nerve roots?

A

Great auricular nerve

C2, 3

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15
Q

Name of the nerve that supplies cutaneous innervation to the anterior portion of the neck?
Spinal nerve roots?

A

Transverse cervical nerve

C2, 3

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16
Q

Name of the nerves that supply cutaneous innervation to the lower half of the anterolateral neck?
Spinal nerve roots?

A

Supraclavicular nerves

C3, 4

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17
Q

What supplies cutaneous innervation to the posterior neck?

A

Mainly the posterior rami of spinal nerves C2-8

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18
Q

What general group of nerves are suppling cutaneous innervation to the anterolateral neck?

A

Sensory branches of the cervical plexus

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19
Q

Where is the “nerve point” of the neck located?

A

Just above midpoint of posterior border of SCM

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20
Q

What occurs at the “nerve point” of the neck?

A

Nerves providing cutaneous innervation to the neck converge here as they enter the cervical plexus

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21
Q

What nerves supply sensory innervation to the upper anterolateral trunk wall?

A

Intercostal nerves

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22
Q

What is the name of the nerve formed from the anterior ramus of T12?

A

Subcostal nerve

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23
Q

What 2 nerves are formed from the bifurcation of the anterior ramus of L1?
What area of skin does this provide sensory innervation to?

A

Iliohypogastric
Ilioinguinal
Lower anterolateral trunk wall

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24
Q

Which named nerve supplies sensory innervation the top of the shoulder?
Spinal nerve roots?

A

Supraclavicular nerve (C3, 4)

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25
Q

What named nerve supplies sensory innervation to the badge patch area?
Spinal nerve roots?

A

Axillary nerve

C5, 6

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26
Q

What named nerve provides sensory innervation to the lateral aspect of the forearm?
Spinal nerve roots?

A

Cutaneous branch of musculocutaneous nerve

C5, C6, C7

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27
Q

What named nerve provides sensory innervation to the anatomical snuffbox?

A

Radial nerve

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28
Q

Which aspect of the arm can experience referred pain from the myocardium?
What are the common spinal nerve roots?

A

Medial arm and forearm

T1 and T2 anterior rami

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29
Q

What nerve supplies sensory innervation to the posterior lateral hand?
Spinal nerve roots?

A

Radial nerve

C5-T1

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30
Q

What nerve supplies sensory innervation to the medial anterior and posterior hand?
Spinal nerve roots?

A

Ulnar nerve

C7-T1

31
Q

What nerve supplies sensory innervation to the anterior lateral hand and tips of the thumb, index and middle finger?
Spinal nerve roots?

A

Median nerve

C5-T1

32
Q

What nerve sensory innervates the anterior upper medial thigh?
Spinal nerve roots?

A

Ilioingunal nerve (L1)

33
Q

What sensory nerves innervates the posterior upper thigh?

Spinal nerve roots?

A

Posterior rami of S1, 2, 3

34
Q

What sensory nerve innervates the upper lateral anterior thigh?

A

Subcostal nerve

35
Q

What sensory nerve innervates the upper posterior lateral thigh?

A

Ilio-hypogastric nerve

36
Q

What sensory nerve innervates the upper middle anterior thigh?
Spinal nerve roots?

A

Genitofemoral nerve (L1, L2)

37
Q

What sensory nerve innervates the lateral aspect of the thigh?
Spinal nerve roots?

A

Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh

L2, 3

38
Q

What sensory nerve innervates the posterior aspect of the thigh?
Spinal nerve roots?

A

Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh

S1, 2, 3

39
Q

What sensory nerve innervates the medial aspect of the thigh?
Spinal nerve roots?

A

Obturator nerve

L2, 3, 4

40
Q

What sensory nerve innervates the anterior aspect of the thigh?
Spinal nerve roots?

A

Femoral nerve

L2, 3, 4

41
Q

What sensory nerve innervates the anterior aspect of the leg?
Spinal nerve roots?

A

Saphenous nerve

L3, 4 (from femoral)

42
Q

What sensory nerve innervates the lateral aspect of the leg?

Spinal nerve roots?

A

Sural nerve

S1, 2 (from tibial and common fibular)

43
Q

What sensory nerve innervates the majority of the dorsal aspect of the foot?
Spinal nerve roots?

A

Superficial fibular nerve

L4, 5, S1

44
Q

Which sensory nerve innervates the web between the first and second toe?
Spinal nerve roots?

A

Deep fibular nerve

L5

45
Q

Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the heel?

Spinal nerve roots?

A

Calcaneal nerves

L4-S3 (of tibial nerve)

46
Q

which nerves provide sensory innervation to the soles of the feet?
Spinal nerve roots?

A

Medial and lateral plantar nerves

L4-S3 (of tibial nerve)

47
Q

Which spinal nerves contribute to the cervical plexus?

A

C1-4

48
Q

What structures does the cervical plexus provide innervation to?

A

Neck postural and strap muscles

Diaphragm

49
Q

Which spinal nerves contribute to the brachial plexus?

A

C5-T1

50
Q

What structures does the brachial plexus supply?

A

Muscles of the upper limb

Extrinsic back muscles

51
Q

Which spinal nerves provide motor innervation to the postural back muscles, intercostal muscles and anterolateral abdominal wall muscles?

A

T2-L3

52
Q

Which spinal nerves contribute to the lumbosacral plexus?

A

L1-S4

53
Q

Which structures does the lumbrosacral plexus provide motor innervation to?

A

Muscles of the lower limb

Perineal skeletal muscles

54
Q

How do you test C5 myotome alone?

Which muscle does this use?

A

Abduction at the shoulder joint

Deltoid

55
Q

How do you test C7 myotome alone? (2)

Which muscles does this use?

A

Adduction at shoulder joint - pec major and lat. dorsi

Extension of fingers - digit extensors

56
Q

How do you test C5/6 myotomes?

Which muscles does this use?

A

Flexion at elbow joint

Biceps brachii

57
Q

How do you test C7/8 myotomes?

Which muscles does this use?

A

Extension at elbow joint

Triceps brachii

58
Q

How do you test T1 myotome? Which muscles does this use?

A

Abduction (dorsal interossei) and adduction (palmar interossei) of the fingers

59
Q

How do you test C6, C7 myotomes?

Which muscles does this test?

A

Flexion of the wrist

Carpal flexors

60
Q

How do you test C7, 8 myotomes?

Which muscles does this test?

A

Extension of the wrist

Carpal extensors

61
Q

How do you test L2, 3 myotomes?

Which muscles does this test?

A

Flexion at hip joint

Psoas major

62
Q

How do you test L5, S1 myotomes?

Which muscles does this test? (3)

A

Extension at hip joint (gluteus max and hamstrings)
Flexion of knee (hamstrings)
Eversion of the foot (fibularis longus and brevis)

63
Q

How do you test L3, 4 myotomes?

Which muscles does this test?

A

Extension of the knee

Quadriceps

64
Q

How do you test L4, 5 myotomes?

Which muscles does this test?

A

Dorsiflexion at ankle

Tibialis anterior

65
Q

How do you test S1, 2 myotomes?

Which muscles does this test?

A

Plantar flexion at ankle

Gastrocnemius/ soleus

66
Q

How do you test L4 myotome?

Which muscles does this test?

A

Inversion at ankle joint

Tibialis anterior and posterior

67
Q

What is a reflex?

A

An involuntary response to stimulus

68
Q

What type of problem with the muscle does an upper motor neurone lesion cause?

A

Spasticity

69
Q

What type of problem with the muscle does a lower motor neurone lesion cause?

A

Flaccidity

70
Q

What spinal nerve is associated with the biceps reflex?

A

C5 (C6)

71
Q

What spinal nerve is associated with the triceps reflex?

A

C7

72
Q

What spinal nerve is associated with the supinator/ brachioradialis reflex?

A

C6

73
Q

What spinal nerve is associated with the knee reflex?

A

L4

74
Q

What spinal nerve is associated with the ankle reflex?

A

S1

3rd Year - Neurology (17 decks)

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