Gross Anatomy 3 - Spinal Nerves Flashcards
What type of nerves fibres do spinal nerves contain?
Somatic general sensory
Motor function - somatic, sympathetic
What is neuralgia the technical term for?
Pain in the distribution of a nerve
What does paraesthesia mean?
Abnormal sensation e.g. pins and needles
What is the technical term for numbness?
Anaesthesia
What is hyperaesthesia?
Abnormal increased sensitivity
What is the name for loss of full control of bodily movements?
Ataxia
Is loss of co-ordination/ balance/ clumsiness caused by a sensory or motor problem?
Can be either
What part of the spinal nerve is tested during dermatomal spinal nerve testing?
Sensory function
What part of the spinal nerve is tested during myotomal spinal nerve testing?
Motor function
How is both the sensory and motor function of a spinal nerve tested at the same time?
By testing spinal cord reflexes
What primary cortex is located in the postcentral gyrus of the cerebral cortex?
Somatosensory
Spinal nerve roots of the femoral nerve?
L2, 3 and 4
Name of the nerve that supplies cutaneous innervation to lateral scalp down the lateral side of the neck?
Spinal nerve root(s)?
Lesser occipital nerve
C2
Name of the nerve that supplies cutaneous innervation to the lateral neck from the ear downwards?
Spinal nerve roots?
Great auricular nerve
C2, 3
Name of the nerve that supplies cutaneous innervation to the anterior portion of the neck?
Spinal nerve roots?
Transverse cervical nerve
C2, 3
Name of the nerves that supply cutaneous innervation to the lower half of the anterolateral neck?
Spinal nerve roots?
Supraclavicular nerves
C3, 4
What supplies cutaneous innervation to the posterior neck?
Mainly the posterior rami of spinal nerves C2-8
What general group of nerves are suppling cutaneous innervation to the anterolateral neck?
Sensory branches of the cervical plexus
Where is the “nerve point” of the neck located?
Just above midpoint of posterior border of SCM
What occurs at the “nerve point” of the neck?
Nerves providing cutaneous innervation to the neck converge here as they enter the cervical plexus
What nerves supply sensory innervation to the upper anterolateral trunk wall?
Intercostal nerves
What is the name of the nerve formed from the anterior ramus of T12?
Subcostal nerve
What 2 nerves are formed from the bifurcation of the anterior ramus of L1?
What area of skin does this provide sensory innervation to?
Iliohypogastric
Ilioinguinal
Lower anterolateral trunk wall
Which named nerve supplies sensory innervation the top of the shoulder?
Spinal nerve roots?
Supraclavicular nerve (C3, 4)
What named nerve supplies sensory innervation to the badge patch area?
Spinal nerve roots?
Axillary nerve
C5, 6
What named nerve provides sensory innervation to the lateral aspect of the forearm?
Spinal nerve roots?
Cutaneous branch of musculocutaneous nerve
C5, C6, C7
What named nerve provides sensory innervation to the anatomical snuffbox?
Radial nerve
Which aspect of the arm can experience referred pain from the myocardium?
What are the common spinal nerve roots?
Medial arm and forearm
T1 and T2 anterior rami
What nerve supplies sensory innervation to the posterior lateral hand?
Spinal nerve roots?
Radial nerve
C5-T1
What nerve supplies sensory innervation to the medial anterior and posterior hand?
Spinal nerve roots?
Ulnar nerve
C7-T1
What nerve supplies sensory innervation to the anterior lateral hand and tips of the thumb, index and middle finger?
Spinal nerve roots?
Median nerve
C5-T1
What nerve sensory innervates the anterior upper medial thigh?
Spinal nerve roots?
Ilioingunal nerve (L1)
What sensory nerves innervates the posterior upper thigh?
Spinal nerve roots?
Posterior rami of S1, 2, 3
What sensory nerve innervates the upper lateral anterior thigh?
Subcostal nerve
What sensory nerve innervates the upper posterior lateral thigh?
Ilio-hypogastric nerve
What sensory nerve innervates the upper middle anterior thigh?
Spinal nerve roots?
Genitofemoral nerve (L1, L2)
What sensory nerve innervates the lateral aspect of the thigh?
Spinal nerve roots?
Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
L2, 3
What sensory nerve innervates the posterior aspect of the thigh?
Spinal nerve roots?
Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
S1, 2, 3
What sensory nerve innervates the medial aspect of the thigh?
Spinal nerve roots?
Obturator nerve
L2, 3, 4
What sensory nerve innervates the anterior aspect of the thigh?
Spinal nerve roots?
Femoral nerve
L2, 3, 4
What sensory nerve innervates the anterior aspect of the leg?
Spinal nerve roots?
Saphenous nerve
L3, 4 (from femoral)
What sensory nerve innervates the lateral aspect of the leg?
Spinal nerve roots?
Sural nerve
S1, 2 (from tibial and common fibular)
What sensory nerve innervates the majority of the dorsal aspect of the foot?
Spinal nerve roots?
Superficial fibular nerve
L4, 5, S1
Which sensory nerve innervates the web between the first and second toe?
Spinal nerve roots?
Deep fibular nerve
L5
Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the heel?
Spinal nerve roots?
Calcaneal nerves
L4-S3 (of tibial nerve)
which nerves provide sensory innervation to the soles of the feet?
Spinal nerve roots?
Medial and lateral plantar nerves
L4-S3 (of tibial nerve)
Which spinal nerves contribute to the cervical plexus?
C1-4
What structures does the cervical plexus provide innervation to?
Neck postural and strap muscles
Diaphragm
Which spinal nerves contribute to the brachial plexus?
C5-T1
What structures does the brachial plexus supply?
Muscles of the upper limb
Extrinsic back muscles
Which spinal nerves provide motor innervation to the postural back muscles, intercostal muscles and anterolateral abdominal wall muscles?
T2-L3
Which spinal nerves contribute to the lumbosacral plexus?
L1-S4
Which structures does the lumbrosacral plexus provide motor innervation to?
Muscles of the lower limb
Perineal skeletal muscles
How do you test C5 myotome alone?
Which muscle does this use?
Abduction at the shoulder joint
Deltoid
How do you test C7 myotome alone? (2)
Which muscles does this use?
Adduction at shoulder joint - pec major and lat. dorsi
Extension of fingers - digit extensors
How do you test C5/6 myotomes?
Which muscles does this use?
Flexion at elbow joint
Biceps brachii
How do you test C7/8 myotomes?
Which muscles does this use?
Extension at elbow joint
Triceps brachii
How do you test T1 myotome? Which muscles does this use?
Abduction (dorsal interossei) and adduction (palmar interossei) of the fingers
How do you test C6, C7 myotomes?
Which muscles does this test?
Flexion of the wrist
Carpal flexors
How do you test C7, 8 myotomes?
Which muscles does this test?
Extension of the wrist
Carpal extensors
How do you test L2, 3 myotomes?
Which muscles does this test?
Flexion at hip joint
Psoas major
How do you test L5, S1 myotomes?
Which muscles does this test? (3)
Extension at hip joint (gluteus max and hamstrings)
Flexion of knee (hamstrings)
Eversion of the foot (fibularis longus and brevis)
How do you test L3, 4 myotomes?
Which muscles does this test?
Extension of the knee
Quadriceps
How do you test L4, 5 myotomes?
Which muscles does this test?
Dorsiflexion at ankle
Tibialis anterior
How do you test S1, 2 myotomes?
Which muscles does this test?
Plantar flexion at ankle
Gastrocnemius/ soleus
How do you test L4 myotome?
Which muscles does this test?
Inversion at ankle joint
Tibialis anterior and posterior
What is a reflex?
An involuntary response to stimulus
What type of problem with the muscle does an upper motor neurone lesion cause?
Spasticity
What type of problem with the muscle does a lower motor neurone lesion cause?
Flaccidity
What spinal nerve is associated with the biceps reflex?
C5 (C6)
What spinal nerve is associated with the triceps reflex?
C7
What spinal nerve is associated with the supinator/ brachioradialis reflex?
C6
What spinal nerve is associated with the knee reflex?
L4
What spinal nerve is associated with the ankle reflex?
S1
