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3rd Year - Neurology > Gross Anatomy 1 - PNS Revision > Flashcards

Gross Anatomy 1 - PNS Revision Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name for a collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS?

A

Nucleus

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2
Q

What is the name for a collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS?

A

Ganglion

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3
Q

What cells produce myelin in the CNS?

A

Oligodendrocytes

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4
Q

What cells produce myelin in the PNS?

A

Schwann cells

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5
Q

What are the 2 main types of neurones?

A

Multipolar

Unipolar

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6
Q

What defines a neurone as multipolar?

A

If it has 2 or more dendrites

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7
Q

What type of neurones are all motor neurones of skeletal muscles and the autonomic nervous system?

A

Multipolar

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8
Q

Are cell bodies in the CNS unipolar or multipolar?

A

Multipolar

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9
Q

What is another name for unipolar neurones?

A

Pseudounipolar

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10
Q

How do unipolar neurones differ from multipolar neurones?

A

They have a double process

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11
Q

Are cell bodies in the PNS unipolar or multipolar?

A

Unipolar

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12
Q

Do sensory neurones tend to be unipolar or multipolar?

A

Unipolar

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13
Q

What is the name for a collection of axons surrounded by connective tissue and blood vessels in the CNS and the PNS?

A 
CNS = tract
PNS = nerve
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14
Q

Do tracts tend to be single or multi-modality?

A

Single

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15
Q

Which of the cranial nerves are only sensory?

A

Olfactory (CN I)
Optic (CN II)
Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII)

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16
Q

Which of the cranial nerves are only motor?

A 
Oculomotor (CN III)
Trochlear (CN IV)
Abducent (CN VI)
Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
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17
Q

Where does CN I attach to the brain?

A

Forebrain

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18
Q

Where does CN II attach to the brain?

A

Forebrain

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19
Q

Where does CN III attach to the brain?

A

Midbrain

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20
Q

Where does CN IV attach to the brain?

A

Midbrain

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21
Q

Where does CN V attach to the brain?

A

Pons

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22
Q

Where does CN VI attach to the brain?

A

Junction between the pons and medulla

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23
Q

Where does CN VII attach to the brain?

A

Junction between the pons and medulla

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24
Q

where does CN VIII attach to the brain?

A

Junction between the pons and medulla

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25
Q

Where does CN IX attach to the brain?

A

Medulla

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26
Q

Where does CN X attach to the brain?

A

Medulla

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27
Q

Where does CN XI attach to the brain?

A

Spinal cord

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28
Q

Where does CNXII attach to the brain?

A

Medulla

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29
Q

How many spinal nerves are there?

A

31

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30
Q

How many cervical spinal nerves are there?

A

8

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31
Q

Where are spinal nerves found?

A

In intervertebral foramina

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32
Q

How does the spinal nerves connect with the soma?

A

Via rami

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33
Q

How does the spinal nerves connect with the spinal cord?

A

Via roots and rootlets

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34
Q

Do sensory axons pass from the spinal nerve into the anterior or posterior root/ rootlets/ horn?

A

Posterior

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35
Q

Do motor axons pass from the spinal cord into anterior or posterior horns/ rootlets/ roots?

A

Anterior

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36
Q

Are spinal nerves sensory, motor or mixed?

A

Mixed

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37
Q

What type of nerve supply does each spinal nerve supply a body segment with? (3)

A

General sensory -> all structures
Somatic motor -> skeletal muscles
Sympathetic nerve -> skin and smooth muscle of arterioles

38
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

An area of skin supplied with sensory innervation from a single spinal nerve

39
Q

If an area of the body wall is numb, have you injured one or more than one nerve?

A

More than one (innervation of skin my adjacent spinal nerves shows overlap)

40
Q

What is a myotome?

A

Skeletal muscles supplied with motor innervation from a single spinal nerve

41
Q

Which dermatome covers the adam’s apple and back of the scalp?

A

C2

42
Q

What dermatome covers the back of the neck and jugular notch?

A

C3

43
Q

What dermatome covers the clavicle and shoulder tip?

A

C4

44
Q

What dermatome covers the superior half of the arm when the arm is outstreched - AKA badge patch area?

A

C5

45
Q

What dermatome covers the superior half of the forearm when the arm is outstretched down to the thumb and front of the index finger?

A

C6

46
Q

what dermatome covers the middle finger and back of the index finger (+ corresponding area of the palm)?

A

C7

47
Q

What finger covers the pinky and ring finger (+corresponding area of the palm)?

A

C8

48
Q

What dermatome covers the medial forearm?

A

T1

49
Q

What dermatome covers the medial arm and sternal angle?

A

T2

50
Q

What dermatome falls over the male nipple?

A

T4

51
Q

What dermatome falls over the umbilicus?

A

T10

52
Q

What dermatome covers the groin?

A

L1

53
Q

What dermatome covers the anterior thigh and middle area of the lower back?

A

L2

54
Q

What dermatome covers the inner thigh, front of the knee and bottom area of the lower back?

A

L3

55
Q

What dermatome covers the inner portion of the leg to the medial malleolus?

A

L4

56
Q

What dermatome covers the outer portion of the leg and most of the inner foot?

A

L5

57
Q

What dermatome covers the outer portion of the foot and heel (extending slightly up the leg)?

A

S1

58
Q

What dermatome covers a back portion of the leg, back of the knee and back of the thigh?

A

S2

59
Q

What dermatome covers the buttock?

A

S3

60
Q

What dermatome covers the perineum?

A

S4

61
Q

What dermatomes covers the perianal skin?

A

S5

62
Q

What is the name for intermingled anterior rami from a number of adjacent spinal nerves?

A

Nerve plexuses

63
Q

What spinal nerves contribute to the cervical plexus?

A

C1-C4

64
Q

What structures does the cervical plexus supply?

A

Posterior scalp, neck and diaphragm

65
Q

What spinal nerves contribute to the brachial plexus?

A

C5 - T1

66
Q

What structure does the brachial plexus supply?

A

Upper limb

67
Q

What spinal nerves contribute to the lumbar plexus?

A

L1-L4

68
Q

What structure does the lumbar plexus supply?

A

Lower limb

69
Q

What spinal nerves contribute to the sacral plexus?

A

L5-S4

70
Q

What structures does the sacral plexus contribute to?

A

Lower limb, gluteal region and perineum

71
Q

What is the other name given to sympathetic outflow?

A

Thoracolumbar outflow

72
Q

Where do sympathetic fibres pass down in the spinal cord?

A

Lateral horns

73
Q

Where do sympathetic fibres pass from the spinal nerves?

A

To the sympathetic chain

74
Q

Where do sympathetic fibres pass from the sympathetic chain?

A

Into all anterior and posterior rami to supply the body wall

Into splanchnic nerves to supply organs

75
Q

Do the sympathetic fibres travelling into splanchnic nerves synapse in the symapathetic chain?

A

Yes, unless they are supplying abdominopelvic viscera via abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves

76
Q

Where do presynaptic sympathetic axons travelling to the heart synapse?

A

T1 or cervical paravertebral ganglia

77
Q

What is the name of the splanchnic nerves which carry postsynaptic sympathetic axons to the heart and lungs?

A

Cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves

78
Q

Where do presynaptic sympathetic axons passing to the lungs synapse?

A

In upper thoracic paravertebral ganglions

79
Q

Where are the prevertebral ganglia located?

A

Over the abdominal aorta

80
Q

what is the name of the prevertebral ganglion for foregut nerves?

A

Celiac ganglion

81
Q

What is the name of the prevertebral ganglion for kidney nerves?

A

Aorticorenal ganglion

82
Q

What is the name of the prevertebral ganglion for midgut nerves?

A

Superior mesenteric ganglion

83
Q

What is the name of the prevertebral ganglion for hindgut and pelvic/ perineal organ nerves?

A

Inferior mesenteric ganglion

84
Q

Where do presynaptic sympathetic axons supplying the adrenal medulla synapse?

A

Directly onto the adrenaline/ noradrenaline secreting cells

85
Q

How do presynaptic parasympathetic axons leave the CNS?

A

Via CNs III, VII, IX nad X

Via sacral spinal nerves

86
Q

How do parasympathetic travel to the eye?

A

Via the ciliary ganglion

87
Q

How do parasympathetic travel to the lacrimal gland and salivary glands?

A

Via the parasympathetic ganglia in the head

88
Q

How do parasympathetic travel to the organs of the neck, chest and abdomen as far as the mid-gut?

A

Via the vagus nerve (synapses on the organ)

89
Q

How do parasympathetic travel to the hindgut, pelvis and perineum?

A

Via the sacral spinal nerves (synapses on the organs)

90
Q

What dermatome covers the xiphoid process?

A

T8

91
Q

What dermatome covers the pubic symphysis?

A

T12

3rd Year - Neurology (17 decks)

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