Green crime

Question 1

Beck -

Risk society and manufactured risk

Answer 1

Argue that there have always been risks in life from external forces eg earthquakes, drought
Modern society manufactured risks - pollution

A03 - Right realists would argue Rational Choice Theory relates to green crime/globalisation. M/c benefits outweigh the costs of committing green crime eg not disposing waste safely

Question 2

Situ and Emmons -

Environmental Crime

Answer 2

Positivist -
‘Environmental crime in an unauthorised act or omission that violates the law’

As law changes from one country to another, green crime also changes

Question 3

White

Answer 3

Interpretivist
Believes green crime is defined as ‘any action that harms the physical environment and any creature that live within it’.

A03 - subjective - difficult to punish eg driving damages the environment yet drivers aren’t arrested
No clear victim/perpretor of green crime

Question 4

South

Answer 4

Two types of green crime:

Primary - environmental issues that will affect on big scale - global warming, deforestation.

Environmental law breaking - breaking the law against the environment eg waste disposal, littering

Question 5

Criticism of green crime

Answer 5

Zemiology - belief that national and international laws are not good enough when defining crime as it only reflects the interests of the powerful.
Laws should be made based upon whether it harms the people and the environment.

Question 6

Walters

Answer 6

Eco-crime
This is an act or omission that threatens the sustainability of Earth eg mining, using too much petrol, nuclear weapons, animal trade or human trafficking

Question 7

Biopirachy

Answer 7

Companies illegal take over animals, land, plants - ignoring damaging effects - improve capitalism.
Corporate engineering of nature - genetically enhancing plants and crops.

Question 8

Problem with green crime

Answer 8

There is not one country or one big group that has defined and stated what green crime is