Greece Flashcards
A small country located in ________, that is _________ and surrounded by water?
Europe, Mountainious
Greece
Greece has thousands of small _______ offshore, that lead to _______
islands, Asia
Mainland Greece is a ______
penisula
People made a living from the ____, and some places they were able to grow wheat, barely olives, and grapes
sea
island of _____ lies southeast of ______ mainland. Named what?
Crete, Greek
Knossos
Minoans were not _______, but they were the ______ to arise in the region.
Greeks, First
Why are Minoans considered advanced?
They were the first civilization in their region and traded a lot.
Minoan Society made their wealth from ______ including, _______ artifacts, cloth
Trade, Marble
Minoans sailed as far as ____ and _______
Egypt and Syria
By 2000 Bc Minoan ships controlled the Eastern ________________ Sea.
Meditterrean
Decline of the Minoan Society around ________ BC and they ______
1450, collapsed
What was the society that would become famous from Indo-European Central Asia, due to the Trojan War?
Mycenaean society
Why were the dark ages considered dark?
loss of writing and poverty set in and people stopped teaching others.
3 positives of the dark ages
Alphabet, weapons, and colonization
Fortified Palaces?
Ruler lived there, surrounded by giant stone walls.
1400 BC who replaced the Minoans as the major power on the Meddittereans sea?
Myceneans
The Dorians settled in ________ during the dark ages. They brought ______ weapons
Peloponnesus, Iron
By 1100 Bc the Mycenaean Civilization collapsed and was replaced by the _______
Dorians
Polis
City-state/like an independant country
Agora
Fortified center of city/state refuge in case of attacks/ religious center
Agora
Open area/market and debate, and the boundaries were formed by geography
Parathon
A statue dedicated to the Malden Goddess Athena
hoplites
citizen soilders
phalanx
A fighting formation that helped Greece win Battle of Marathon
Tyrants
someone who takes power with force and controls with total authority
Athens has what type of government
Democracy
What were the requirements of being a Greek Citizen
free native-born men who owned land
Responsibilities of Greek citizens
Duty to serve in the government, and to fight for their polis
Helots
anyone Sparta had captured and enslaved
Describe the life of a spartan boy.
-They were in military training from 7-20 years old
-active duty from 20-30 years old
-30-60 at home
-60 and above they were retired
Describe how spartan boys were treated in military training.
They were deprived of clothes, and deprived of food. They were taught to steal, and fight other boys to create strengthness.
What would happen if a baby boy in Sparta had a formality at birth?
They would be left on top of a mountain to die.
What was the government established in Sparta?
Oligarchy
Efors-
council of elders that served in Spartan government (oligarchy)
Who was Solan and why was he important?
Athenian politician that set the grounds.
Who was Cleisthenes and why was he important?
Statesman- regarded as founder of Athenian Democracy.
Who united the Persians into a powerful kingdom
Darius I
List two Persian Kings that led attacks against the greeks
Darius I, and Xerxes
What happened at the battle of marathon?
Darius’s messenger was thrown down a well when asking for land and water. Persians began to conquer Athens first, Sparta didn’t help Athens though. Persians were unprepared and defeated. After that remaining Persians when to Athens and were killed and defeated once again.
What happened at the battle of Thermopylae
Athens and Sparta finally united to try and conquer Persia, but all 300 of Spartans were killed, and Leonidas. Then Xerxes (son of Darius) advanced to Athens burning their whole city down and killing all people remaining.
What happened at the battle of Salamis
This was a naval battle and Athens had smaller boats that maneuvered around Persia’s big boats and defeated Persia.
What happened at the battle of Platea
Finally Xerxes just retreated his army back into Persia and faced defeat
What was the Delian league and why was it formed?
Group of Greek city-states that were created to protect themselves from Persia.
What was the Peloponnesian league
and why was it created?
group of Greek City states created by Sparta, and it was there to protect themselves from other places.
What was the Age of Pericles
The first two years after he established the Delian League and turned it into an Athenian Empire. Leading them into the first two years of the Peloponnesian war.
Who won the Peloponnesian war
Sparta
Why didn’t the Athenians leave their city to fight the Spartans
They wanted to fight a defensive batttle, but it ultimately did not help them.
When the spartans could not capture Athens what did they do instead
burned down all of their villages.
How did Athens fight back against the spartans
Used their navy to raid Peloponnesian lands, and attacked allies.
Why was the battle of Pylos important
Athens won/captured spartans
Why was the battle of Pylos important
Athens won/captured spartans
What caused Athens and Sparta to agree on the peace of Nicias?
The war was going nowhere, but the treaty only lasted 3 years.
What caused the end if the Peace of Nicias?
Angered Allies of Sparta
King of Persia who declared war on Athens and started the Persian wars.
Darious I
King of Persia who fought Leonidas at the battle of Thermopylae
Xerxes
Greek city-state with the strongest military
Sparta
Greek runner who yelled Rejoice “we conquer!” then died
Pheidippidies
Spartan leader of the brave 300
Leonidas
Greek general who commanded the navy at salamis
themistocles
