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Great Depression and rise of the Nazis Flashcards

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1
Q

When did the Wall Street Crash occur?

A

29th October 1929

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2
Q

What event did the Wall Street Crash cause?

A

The Great Depression

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3
Q

What economic impact did the Wall Street Crash have?

A

Millions of Americans couldn’t sell shares for as much as paid, some couldn’t pay banks back, couldn’t buy goods and businesses collapsed causing unemployment

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4
Q

How did the Great Depression hurt Germany?

A

German factory goods not selling, American banks demand back lended money, German banks demand from businesses, couldn’t pay and went bankrupt, millions of Germans unemployed

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5
Q

What political effect did the Great Depression have in Germany?

A

Desperate people prepared to listen to radicals like left-wing Communists and Right-Wing Nazis

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6
Q

By the time Hitler became chancellor in January 1933, how many Germans were unemployed?

A

6.1 million

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7
Q

By 1928, how many votes did the Nazis get, and what percentage of the population voted for them?

A

received 800,000 votes, less than 3% of population voted for them

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8
Q

By 1928, how large were the Nazis compared to other political parties?

A

8th most popular German political party

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9
Q

What were the major factors which contributed to the Nazis’ rise to power?

A

The Great Depression, unhappiness with the Weimar government, Hitler’s appeal, fear of Communism, Nazi party structure and tactics

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10
Q

By July 1932, how big was the Nazi Party compared to other parties?

A

The Nazis were the most popular party

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11
Q

By July 1932, how many votes did the Nazi Party record?

A

Nearly 14 million

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12
Q

How did the Great Depression contribute to the Nazis’ rise in popularity?

A

Desperate, unemployed Germans were prepared to listen to and vote for the Nazis, whose message was the same as in the early 1920s

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13
Q

How did unhappiness with the Weimar government contribute to the Nazis’ rise in popularity?

A

Weimar politicians argued constantly, achieved very little, two Chancellors Müller and Brüning had little impact and resigned

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14
Q

How many seats did each political party have in the Reichstag in May 1928

A

Nazi Party - 12, DNVP - 73, DVP - 45, Zentrum - 62, DDP - 25, SPD - 153, KPD - 54

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15
Q

How many seats did each political party have in the Reichstag in September 1930?

A

Nazi Party - 107, DNVP - 41, DVP - 30, Zentrum - 68, DDP - 20, SPD - 143, KPD - 77

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16
Q

How many seats did each political party have in the Reichstag in July 1932?

A

Nazi Party - 230, DNVP - 37, DVP - 7, Zentrum - 75, DDP - 4, SPD - 133, KPD - 89

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17
Q

How many seats did each political party have in the Reichstag in November 1932

A

Nazi Party - 196, DNVP - 52, DVP - 11, Zentrum - 70, DDP - 2, SPD - 121, KPD - 100

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18
Q

How did the appeal of Hitler contribute to the Nazis’ rise in popularity?

A

Hitler had a charismatic personality and was a powerful speaker, drawing people to the Nazis

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19
Q

How did the fear of Communists contribute to the Nazis’ rise in popularity?

A

Middle and upper class Germans, especially businessmen and landowners, and churchgoers, frightened of Communists, Hitler fought Communism from start

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20
Q

How did the Nazi Party’s methods and tactics contribute to its rise in popularity?

A

Nazi Party offices established to recruit followers; radio, cinema and poster propaganda used; Hitler in rallies made speeches, Hitler Youth Organisation set up to encourage young followers, new technology (planes, radios) used

21
Q

What were some groups which the Nazis appealed to?

A

Farmers, women, Middle-class (small business owners, bank workers, doctors, managers), young people, upper classes and rich factory owners

22
Q

When was Hitler appointed as Chancellor?

A

30th January 1933

23
Q

How did Hitler become chancellor? (events)

A

September 1930 election, Brüning resigned, Chancellor Franz von Papen, July 1932 election, November 1932 election, Papen resigned, Chancellor Kurt von Schleicher, Schleicher resigned, Chancellor Hitler

24
Q

How did the Nazi increase their support after the September 1930 election?

A

Millions of posters, mass rallies, SA beat up Communists and disrupted their meetings

25
Q

What was Reichsbanner?

A

Organisation formed by members of SPD, Zentrum, DDP, prepared to use violence to defend parliamentary democracy

26
Q

When was Reichsbanner formed?

A

1924

27
Q

Which groups did Reichsbanner often clash with?

A

Nazi Stormtroopers and Communist Party members

28
Q

How did Hindenburg try to limit Hitler’s power after he was appointed as Chancellor?

A

Franz von Papen was appointed as Vice Chancellor and Hitler could only have 2 fellow Nazis in the cabinet

29
Q

When did the Reichstag burn down?

A

27th February 1933

30
Q

When did Hindenburg pass an emergency “Protection Law” which gave Hitler power?

A

28th February 1933

31
Q

When did a German election occur after leading Communists were banned from taking part in its campaign?

A

5th March 1933

32
Q

When was the Enabling Act passed?

A

23rd March 1933

33
Q

What did the Enabling Act do?

A

Gave Hitler the power to make laws without asking the rest of the Reichstag politicians

34
Q

What was the final action which gave Hitler the Reichstag majority he needed?

A

Politicians in the Centre Party were persuaded to join the Nazis

35
Q

When were Nazis put in charge of all local government, councils and the police?

A

7th April 1933

36
Q

Where was the first concentration camp opened and who was it for?

A

Dachau, southern Germany, for political prisoners

37
Q

What secret police was formed by the Nazis?

A

Gestapo

38
Q

When did Hitler ban all trade unions?

A

2nd May 1933

39
Q

When did Hitler ban all political parties in Germany except the Nazis?

A

14th July 1933

40
Q

When did President Hindenburg die?

A

2nd August 1934

41
Q

What did Hitler do after Hindenburg’s death?

A

Hitler took over the President’s job while remaining Chancellor, had army swear oath of loyalty to him

42
Q

When did the Night of the Long Knives occur?

A

30 June 1934 - 2nd July 1934

43
Q

How many members of the SA were executed during the Night of the Long Knives?

A

Around 400

44
Q

How large was the German Army in June 1934?

A

100,000

45
Q

What was the Schutzstaffel (SS) originally?

A

Hitler’s elite personal bodyguards

46
Q

Who was the leader of the Schutzstaffel?

A

Heinrich Himmler

47
Q

Who was the leader of the SA?

A

Ernst Röhm

48
Q

What were the impacts of the Night of the Long Knives?

A

All leading Nazis who didn’t agree with Hitler dead; SS instead of SA grew in importance, responsible for Hitler’s security; murder established as method of Nazi government

History (7 decks)

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