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Ending WWI Flashcards

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1
Q

When did fighting end on the Eastern Front during WWI?

A

15th December 1917

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2
Q

How many men had joined the Army in Russia during WWI?

A

Over 15 million

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3
Q

By 1916, how many Russians had been killed in WWI?

A

Over a million

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4
Q

When did the Tsar return from the front in Russia?

A

March 1917

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5
Q

When did the Tsar of Russia abdicate?

A

15th march 1917

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6
Q

When did the Russian Provisional Government order a new attack on Germany?

A

July 1917

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7
Q

When did Lenin and the Bolsheviks overthrow the provisional government?

A

November 1917

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8
Q

When did Russia sign the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

A

March 1918

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9
Q

What percentage of its population, farmland, railways and coal and iron ore did Russia lose in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

A

26% of population, 27% of farmland, 26% of railways, 74% of coal and iron ore

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10
Q

How much money did American banks lend to Britain and its allies before American joined WWI?

A

Around 2 billion dollars

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11
Q

When did Americans discover that Germany was trying to forge a secret alliance with Mexico against the USA?

A

March 1917

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12
Q

When did America declare war on Germany and enter WWI?

A

April 1917

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13
Q

As part of the secret alliance Germany was trying to forge, which states would Mexico claim from the USA?

A

Texas, New Mexico and Arizona

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14
Q

What resources did the USA have huge supplies of?

A

Coal, oil iron, cotton and wheat

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15
Q

By the end of WWI, how much meat and how many horses had America sent to Europe?

A

Nearly 90,000 tonnes of meat, 600,000 horses

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16
Q

Since which date had some larger battleships carried floatplanes?

A

Early as 1912

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17
Q

When did an aeroplane first (think so) land on the deck of HMS Argus?

A

October 1918

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18
Q

Which ship was the first aircraft carrier?

A

British ship HMS Argus

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19
Q

Who invented the hydrophone?

A

Canadian inventor Reginald Fessenden

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20
Q

When was the hydrophone invented?

A

1914

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21
Q

When did the sinking of the Titanic occur?

A

1912

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22
Q

How many British ships were painted in a “dazzle” style?

A

Over 2000

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23
Q

What was the “dazzle” painting style and what was its purpose?

A

Used bold shapes, lines and contrasting colours not to camouflage ship, but to distort submarine commander’s view of the ship and make it difficult to assess size, shape and range

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24
Q

Who developed the first synchronised mechanism to allow machine guns to fire between the propeller blades of an aeroplane?

A

Dutch engineer working for the Germans Anthony Fokker

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25
Q

By which date were pilots flying in large patrols or formations, and could communicate with ground troops by radio?

A

1917

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26
Q

Where were tanks first used and by who?

A

By British at Battle of the Somme in 1916

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27
Q

How many tanks crossed no man’s land in the Battle of Cambrai?

A

Over 400

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28
Q

How much land did Allied tanks gain in the Battle of Cambrai?

A

8 km

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29
Q

When did the Battle of Amiens occur?

A

August 1918

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30
Q

How many Allied tanks were used in the Battle of Amiens?

A

Around 600

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31
Q

How far did British and French troops advance in a tank-led attack in the Battle of Amiens?

A

32 km

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32
Q

By the fifth day of the Allied advance in the Battle of Amiens, how many Allied tanks were still working?

A

Fewer than 50

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33
Q

By which date had the Germans developed guns that could punch a hole through a tank’s side and developed anti-tank guns?

A

1918

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34
Q

By which date had the Germans developed “Paris Guns”?

A

March 1918

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35
Q

How far could a “Paris Gun” fire a shell of what mass?

A

Could fire a 106-kilogram shell up to 130 km

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36
Q

When were German Paris Guns in service?

A

March - August 1918

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37
Q

What was the core idea behind infiltration tactics?

A

Small groups of soldiers sneak towards enemy and attack key areas like artillery placements or control centres before main attack

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38
Q

What did the Germans call their small units of soldiers trained in infiltration tactics?

A

Sturmmann, means “storm man”, translated as “stormtrooper”

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39
Q

When did the Germans successfully use their stormtroopers at the Battle of Riga?

A

September 1917

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40
Q

Which battles did the Germans use their stormtroopers in?

A

Battle of Rige, Battle of Caporetto, Battle of Cambrai

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41
Q

When was a commander-in-chief of Allied forces chosen?

A

March 1918

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42
Q

When was Ferdinand Foch born?

A

1851

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43
Q

When did Ferdinand Foch die?

A

1929

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44
Q

Where was Ferdinand Foch born?

A

Southwestern France

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45
Q

Which war did Ferdinand Foch fight in and what did be become?

A

Fought in Franco-Prussian War of 1870 - 1871, becoming an artillery specialist

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46
Q

How did Ferdinand Foch command troops in WWI?

A

Commanded troops that halted German advance on French town of Nancy, commanded French troops at Battle of the Marne and led French troops taking part in Battle of the Somme

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47
Q

When did Ferdinand Foch retire?

A

1916

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48
Q

Who was chosen as the Allied commander-in-chief in WWI?

A

Experienced and well-respected French general Ferdinand Foch

49
Q

What is a hurricane bombardment?

A

A short, intense artillery bombardment

50
Q

How many shells did the Germans fire and how before the Ludendorff Offensive?

A

1,000,000 artillery shells fired from 6,000 guns in 5 hours

51
Q

When did the Ludendorff Offensive start?

A

21st March 1918

52
Q

When did the artillery bombardment for the Ludendorff Offensive begin?

A

4:40 am on 21st March 1918

53
Q

How large of an area was hit by the bombardment before Germany’s Ludendorff Offensive?

A

150 square miles

54
Q

Where was it planned that the main attack of the Ludendorff Offensive would occur?

A

Near Arras

55
Q

In some regions where the Ludendorff Offensive occurred, how far did the Germans advance?

A

Over 60 km

56
Q

How many men did the Germans lose between March and April 1918

A

Over 220,000

57
Q

When did the Ludendorff Offensive end?

A

July 1918

58
Q

By June 1918, how fast were American troops arriving?

A

50,000 per week

59
Q

When did Ludendorff order one final major attack as part of the Ludendorff Offensive?

A

15th July 1918

60
Q

When and where was Erich Ludendorff born?

A

1865 in Prussia

61
Q

When did Erich Ludendorff die?

A

1937

62
Q

When did the Hundred Days Offensive begin?

A

8th August 1918

63
Q

How did the Hundred Days Offensive initially occur, and where?

A

Began at Amiens; British, Australian, Canadian and French forces broke through German lines supported by over 400 tanks, took 11 km of territory on first day

64
Q

When was the “black day of the German Army”?

A

8th August 1918

65
Q

How many men did the Germans lose or have taken prisoner on 8th August 1918, and how many German guns were captured?

A

Lost 30,000 men, 17,000 Germans taken prisoner, around 300 German guns captured

66
Q

How many men did the Allies lose on 8th August 1918?

A

6,500

67
Q

Which battles are collectively referred to as the Second Battle of the Somme?

A

British and Australian forces capturing Albert, French capturing Noyon, British taking Bapaume

68
Q

What was the Hindenburg Line?

A

Line of concrete trenches build by Germans in 1917

69
Q

When and how did French and American forces begin their attack on the Hindenburg Line?

A

In September 1918 with the Meuse-Argonne Offensive

70
Q

How many US troops were involved and killed in the Meuse-Argonne Offensive?

A

Involved 1.2 million US soldiers, caused over 26,000 American deaths

71
Q

Troops from which countries fought at the Fifth Battle of Ypres?

A

Belgian, British and French troops

72
Q

Soldiers from which areas fought at the Battle of St Quentin Canal?

A

Soldiers from Britain, the British Empire, Australia and America

73
Q

How many forces were mobilised in total by the Allied Powers in WWI?

A

42,188,810

74
Q

How many men from the Allied Powers were killed in WWI?

A

5,142, 631

75
Q

How many men from the Allied Powers were wounded in WWI?

A

12,800, 706

76
Q

How many men were mobilised by the Central Powers in total in WWI?

A

22,850,000

77
Q

How many men from the Central Powers were killed in WWI?

A

3,386,200

78
Q

How many men from the Central Powers were wounded in WWI?

A

8,388,448

79
Q

What facilities were taken over by governments in WWI?

A

Mines, railways, weapons factories and shipyards

80
Q

Which winter in Germany was nicknamed the “Turnip Winter” and why?

A

German winter of 1916 - 1917 as turnips one of the only foods available after a very poor harvest

81
Q

In Germany by 1916, which goods were unavailable or scarce?

A

Soap, cheese, butter, eggs unavailable; coal and shoes scarce

82
Q

When was the blockade of Germany completely lifted?

A

June 1919

83
Q

In France, how many people were made homeless because how many houses had been destroyed during WWI?

A

Over 2 million people made homeless because 750,000 houses destroyed

84
Q

How many factories, bridges, breweries and how much road and railway had been destroyed in WWI (presumably in France)?

A

Over 20,000 factories; 1000 bridges; 48,000 km of road; 2000 breweries; 1600 km of railway line had been wrecked

85
Q

When did General Ludendorff tell German politicians and generals that the war should be abandoned as “hopeless”?

A

29th September 1918

86
Q

When did sailors in Kiel mutiny?

A

28th October 1918

87
Q

Who was the leader of the German representatives Friedrich Ebert sent to negotiate an armistice with the Allies?

A

Matthias Erzberger

88
Q

Where did the Allies and the German representatives meet when negotiating the armistice?

A

Railway carriage at Compiègne

89
Q

What did the armistice ending WWI say about fighting?

A

All fighting on land, sea and in the air should end within 6 hours

90
Q

What did the armistice ending WWI say about German-occupied land?

A

All land occupied by German troops in Belgium, Luxembourg and France, plus Alsace-Lorraine (held since 1870 by Germany), should be evacuated within 15 days

91
Q

What did the armistice ending WWI say about the Allies occupying land?

A

The Allies are to occupy land in Germany to the west of the River Rhine up to a distance of 30 km

92
Q

What did the armistice ending WWI say about German troops in other countries?

A

Germany troops have to withdraw from Austria-Hungary, Romania and Turkey

93
Q

What did the armistice ending WWI say about the German navy and Germany’s weapons?

A

Germany must immediately hand over 10 battleships, 6 battle cruisers, 8 cruisers and submarines, give up its largest weapons and hand over railway trains, railway carriages and rail trucks

94
Q

What did the armistice ending WWI say about the Allied blockade of Germany?

A

The naval blockade will continue

95
Q

What did the armistice ending WWI say about Germany paying money?

A

Germany will pay a financial settlement for all damage caused

96
Q

When did the German representatives sign to agree to the terms to end WWI?

A

At 5:10 am on 11th November 1918

97
Q

How many people died of starvation in Germany in 1916?

A

Est. about 120,000

98
Q

How many Germans died of starvation in Germany by 1918? (think so)

A

420,000

99
Q

As early as 1915, what proportion of its goods was Germany able to import as compared with before the war?

A

Germany only able to import half the amount of goods as before the war

100
Q

What goods did German industry and agriculture lack in WWI?

A

Industry short of fuel and chemicals for explosives and gas, agriculture short of fertilisers for crops

101
Q

How many American soldiers arrived in support of the Allies in WWI?

A

Around 2 million soldiers

102
Q

How many troops did Germany lose during the Ludendorff Offensive?

A

Around 800,000 troops

103
Q

How many fresh troops did Ludendorff calculate would be needed each month to continue the war near its end?

A

200,000

104
Q

How many troops was Ludendorff told he could be supplied with for the whole of the next 12 months near the end of the war?

A

300,000

105
Q

Which battle were tanks first used in and when?

A

Battle of Cambrai in November 1917

106
Q

When did the Bulgarian Army surrender in WWI?

A

29th September 1918

107
Q

When did Turkish forces surrender in WWI?

A

Late October 1918

108
Q

When did Austria-Hungary leave WWI?

A

3rd November 1918

109
Q

Who was the last soldier to be killed in WWI and when was he killed and how?

A

American named Henry Gunther, shot whilst charging at a German machine gun post at 10:59 am

110
Q

When was Douglas Haig born and where?

A

Born in Edinburgh in 1861

111
Q

Where did Douglas Haig study at?

A

Oxford University and the Royal Military Academy at Sandhurst

112
Q

When did Douglas Haig become director of British Army military training?

A

1906

113
Q

Who was responsible for organising the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) in case of war with Germany?

A

Douglas Haig

114
Q

Where did Douglas Haig successfully command troops in 1914?

A

Battles of Mons and Ypres

115
Q

When did Douglas Haig oversee a series of victories against German forces?

A

1918

116
Q

What did Douglas Haig help set up?

A

Royal British Legion

117
Q

When did Douglas Haig retire from the miliary?

A

1921

118
Q

When did Douglas Haig die?

A

1928

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