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Causes of WWI Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the Great Powers of Europe before WWI?

A

Britain, France, Germany, Russia, Austria-Hungary

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2
Q

Who ruled Britain?

A

Monarch had little real power, Parliament actually ruled Britain

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3
Q

What was the population and number of colonies in the Britain Empire?

A

400 million, 56 territories

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4
Q

What were Britain’s issues?

A

Extreme wealth inequality, majority of people in poverty; lack of unemployment and other benefits, declining status as global power

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5
Q

How was France ruled?

A

A republic, governed by elected president, number of high-ranking army generals also held positions in government

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6
Q

How many people did the French Empire govern and where?

A

60 million, mainly in West and North Africa

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7
Q

What occurred in 1870 to France?

A

Germany defeated France and took land from it

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8
Q

What were France’s major issues?

A

Leading trading

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9
Q

The British royal family was directly connected to the rulers of which countries?

A

Russia, Germany, Spain, Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Greece, Romania

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10
Q

What portion of the world’s population and land area did the British Empire control?

A

Approximately 1 quarter of world population and land area

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11
Q

What was the population of Britain in 1914?

A

41 million

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12
Q

What was the size of the British Army in 1914?

A

710,000

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13
Q

How many battleships did Britain have in 1914?

A

122

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14
Q

How many submarines did Britain have in 1914?

A

64

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15
Q

How large was Britain’s air force in 1914?

A

110 fighters and bomber planes, 6 airships

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16
Q

What was the size of Britain’s colonies?

A

27 million square kilometres

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17
Q

What was Britain’s annual coal production in 1914?

A

300 million tonnes

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18
Q

What was Britain’s annual steel production in 1914?

A

11 million tonnes

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19
Q

Which two areas of France did Germany take after the Franco-Prussian War?

A

Alsace and Lorraine

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20
Q

By the early 1900s, what percentage of the population were farmers?

A

Around 40%

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21
Q

What was the population of France in 1914?

A

41 million

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22
Q

What was the size of the French Army in 1914?

A

1,250,000

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23
Q

How many battleships did France have in 1914?

A

46

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24
Q

How many submarines in France have in 1914?

A

73

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25
Q

What was the size of the French air force in 1914?

A

132 fighter and bomber planes

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26
Q

How many colonies did France have in 1914?

A

29

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27
Q

What was the population of France’s colonies in 1914?

A

58 million

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28
Q

What was the size of France’s colonies in 1914?

A

11 million square kilometres

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29
Q

How much coal did France produce annually in 1914?

A

40 million tonnes

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30
Q

How much steel did France produce annually in 1914?

A

5 million tonnes

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31
Q

In the three decades before WWI, what happened to Russian oil and coal production?

A

Oil and coal production tripled

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32
Q

What percentage of the Russian population lived in the countryside and earned their living from farming?

A

Around 85%

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33
Q

When did Tsar Nicholas II take power?

A

1894

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34
Q

Who was Tsar Nicholas II’s wife?

A

Alexandra

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35
Q

What was the population of Russia in 1914?

A

159 million

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36
Q

What was the size of the Russian Army in 1914?

A

1,200,000

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37
Q

How many battleships did Russia have in 1914?

A

26

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38
Q

How many submarines did Russia have in 1914?

A

29

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39
Q

What was the size of the Russian air force in 1914?

A

360 fighter and bomber planes and 16 airships

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40
Q

What was Russia’s annual coal production in 1914?

A

36 million tonnes

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41
Q

What was Russia’s annual steel production in 1914?

A

4 million tonnes

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42
Q

What areas did the Russian Tsar want to take?

A

Manchuria, Persia and the Balkans

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43
Q

When was Germany formed?

A

1871

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44
Q

What happened to German coal production from 1880 to 1910?

A

Coal production quadroupled

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45
Q

What industries grew rapidly in the German Empire?

A

Steel, chemicals, engineering and armaments

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46
Q

When did Wilhelm II become Germany’s Kaiser?

A

1888

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47
Q

What was the population of Germany in 1914?

A

65 million

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48
Q

What was the size of Germany’s army in 1914?

A

2,200,000

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49
Q

How many battleships did Germany have in 1914?

A

85

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50
Q

How many submarines did Germany have in 1914?

A

23

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51
Q

What was the size of Germany’s air force in 1914?

A

246 fighter and bomber planes, 11 airships

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52
Q

How many colonies did Germany have in 1914?

A

10

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53
Q

What was the population of Germany’s colonies in 1914?

A

15 million

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54
Q

What was the size of Germany’s colonies in 1914?

A

2.5 million square kilometres

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55
Q

What was Germany’s annual coal production in 1914?

A

277 million tonnes

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56
Q

What was Germany’s annual steel production in 1914?

A

14 million tonnes

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57
Q

When war broke out, what colonies did Germany have and where?

A

Togo, Cameroons, South West Africa, East Africa (Africa), Kiaochow (China), Kaiser Wilhelm Land (New Guinea)

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58
Q

When had a union taken place between Austria and Hungary?

A

1867

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59
Q

What were the two largest ethnic groups in Austria-Hungary and how many people were a part of them?

A

Germans (10 million) and Hungarians (9 million)

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60
Q

What ethnic groups were there in Austria-Hungary?

A

Germans, Hungarians, Czechs, Slovaks, Poles, Ukrainians, Slovens, Croats, Serbians, Romanians, Italians

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61
Q

When did violence erupt in Prague between Germans and Czechs?

A

December 1897

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62
Q

How many people were killed and wounded when violence erupted in Prague between Germans and Czechs?

A

10 killed, 200 wounded

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63
Q

What was the population of Austria-Hungary in 1914?

A

50 million

64
Q

What was the size of Austria-Hungary’s army in 1914?

A

810,000

65
Q

How many battleships did Austria-Hungary have in 1914?

A

24

66
Q

How many submarines did Austria-Hungary have in 1914?

A

6

67
Q

How large was the Austro-Hungarian air force in 1914?

A

35 fighter and bomber planes, 1 airship

68
Q

What was Austria-Hungary’s annual coal production in 1914?

A

47 million tonnes

69
Q

What was Austria-Hungary’s annual steel production in 1914?

A

5 million tonnes

70
Q

When did the Three Emperors’ League form?

A

1873

71
Q

Which 3 countries was the Three Emperors’ League between?

A

Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia

72
Q

When was the Dual Alliance formed?

A

1879

73
Q

Which countries was the Dual Alliance between?

A

Germany and Austria-Hungary

74
Q

When was the Triple Alliance formed?

A

1882

75
Q

Which countries was the Triple Alliance between?

A

Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy

76
Q

When was the Franco-Russian Alliance formed?

A

1892

77
Q

Which countries was the Franco-Russian Alliance between?

A

France and Russia

78
Q

When was the Entente Cordiale (“Friendly understanding”) formed?

A

1904

79
Q

Which countries was the Entente Cordiale between?

A

Britain and France

80
Q

When was the Triple Entente formed?

A

1907

81
Q

Which countries was the Triple Entente between?

A

France, Russia and Britain

82
Q

Who was the Sultan of Morocco during the First Moroccan Crisis?

A

Sultan Abdelaziz

83
Q

When did the First Moroccan Crisis occur?

A

March 1905 - April 1906

84
Q

When did the Algeciras Conference start?

A

January 1906

85
Q

When did the Second Moroccan Crisis occur?

A

1911

86
Q

How many soldiers did France into Morocco during the Second Moroccan Crisis?

A

20,000

87
Q

What naval action did Germany take during the Second Moroccan Crisis?

A

It sent a warship named Panther to the port of Agadir

88
Q

When did the Bosnian Crisis occur?

A

1908 - 1909

89
Q

What did Austria-Hungary do during the Balkan Crisis (Bosnian Crisis)?

A

Officially annexed Bosnia

90
Q

When did Italy beat Turkey in the Italo-Turkish War?

A

1911 - 1912

91
Q

Which nations were part of the Balkan League?

A

Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria and Montenegro

92
Q

When did the First Balkan War occur?

A

October 1912 - May 1913

93
Q

How long did the First Balkan War last, and how many soldiers fought in it?

A

Lasted 50 days, around half a million soldiers fought

94
Q

When did the Second Balkan War occur?

A

June to August 1913

95
Q

Which nations did Bulgaria fight in the Second Balkan War?

A

Serbia, Greece, Turkey and Romania

96
Q

What was the two-power standard for Britain?

A

Britain’s navy should be at least equal in size to the combined strength of the next two largest navies in the world

97
Q

When did a British law establish the two-power standardd?

A

1889

98
Q

How much money did the UK government provide to build more new warships when the two-power standard was established?

A

£20 million (£1.2 billion today)

99
Q

When did King Edward VII send 4 battleships to the French President while holidaying in the Mediterranean?

A

1903

100
Q

When did Britain sign an alliance with Japan?

A

1902

101
Q

What was Britain’s “Splendid Isolation”?

A

A position Britain was in where it was isolated from alliances with other nations

102
Q

When did Britain experience “Splendid Isolation”?

A

Late 1800s and early 1900s

103
Q

When was Wilhelm II born?

A

1861

104
Q

When was an interview with Kaiser Wilhelm II published in the London Daily Telegraph?

A

28th October 1908

105
Q

What was Weltpolitik (world policy)?

A

A German policy under Kaiser Wilhelm II designed to give Germany a large empire and make it a world power

106
Q

In 1870, how much money did Britain, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia and Italy spend on the military between them?

A

Over £90 million

107
Q

By 1914, how much money were Britain, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia and Italy spending on the military between them?

A

£400 million

108
Q

How much did Germany’s military spending increase before WWI (percent)?

A

73 %

109
Q

How much did France’s military spending increase before WWI (percent)?

A

10 %

110
Q

How much did Britain’s military spending increase before WWI (percent)?

A

13 %

111
Q

How much did Russia’s military spending increase before WWI (fraction)?

A

More than a third

112
Q

What did every major European power introduce or increase before WWI except for Britain?

A

Conscription

113
Q

What was France’s plan named for if war broke out?

A

Plan 17

114
Q

What was Russia’s plan named for if war broke out?

A

Plan 19

115
Q

What was Germany’s plan named for if war broke out?

A

Schlieffen Plan

116
Q

What were Austria-Hungary’s plans named for if war broke out?

A

Plan B and Plan R

117
Q

When did Kaiser Wilhelm II announce he wanted an empire to rival Britain’s?

A

1901

118
Q

When did the British announce the creation a new type of warship called the dreadnought?

A

1906

119
Q

What was the German version of the dreadnought called?

A

Rheinland

120
Q

How long was a British super-dreadnought battleship in 1914?

A

177m

121
Q

What guns did a British super-dreadnought battleship in 1914 have?

A

Ten 34cm guns, sixteen 10cm guns

122
Q

How thick was the armour plating of a British super-dreadnought battleship in 1914?

A

20 - 30cm thick

123
Q

How many torpedo tubes did a British super-dreadnought battleship in 1914 have?

A

3

124
Q

How many dreadnought-type ships were built by Britain between 1906 and 1914?

A

29

125
Q

How many dreadnought-type ships were built by Germany between 1906 and 1914?

A

17

126
Q

What was the group “Union or Death” also known as?

A

“Black Hand”

127
Q

When was the Black Hand formed and by who?

A

May 1911 by a group of 10 Serbian army officers

128
Q

What was the Black Hand mainly made of?

A

Army officers, lawyers, journalists and university professors and students

129
Q

Who was the leader of the Black Hand?

A

26-year old colonel named Dragutin Dimitrijevic

130
Q

What was Dragutin Dimitrijevic code-named?

A

Apis

131
Q

When was Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated?

A

28th June 1914

132
Q

How many members did the Black Hand have?

A

About 2,500

133
Q

When did “Apis” send a member of the Black Hand to assassinate Austro-Hungarian Emperor Franz Josef?

A

1911

134
Q

When did Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie, arrive in Sarajevo on the day of their assassination?

A

9:28 am

135
Q

How old was Gavrilo Princip when he assassinated Franz Ferdinand and Ferdinand’s wife?

A

19

136
Q

When did Gavrilo Princip die?

A

1918

137
Q

When was Archduke Franz Ferdinand born?

A

1863

138
Q

Who was Archduke Franz Ferdinand the eldest son of?

A

Archduke Charles Louis, brother of Emperor Franz Joseph

139
Q

When did Archduke Franz Ferdinand become heir to the throne?

A

1896

140
Q

Who did Archduke Franz Ferdinand marry?

A

Sophie, Countess of Chotek

141
Q

When did Archduke Franz Ferdinand marry?

A

1900

142
Q

When did Archduke Franz Ferdinand become Inspector General of the Army?

A

1913

143
Q

Who proposed that Austria-Hungary should declare war on Serbia following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand?

A

Conrad von Hötzendorf, leading politician and army general

144
Q

What was the July Crisis?

A

The international crisis that began with the murder of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and culminated in the declarations of war by all the great powers

145
Q

Which demand did the King of Serbia refuse Austria-Hungary during the July Crisis?

A

Demand to allow police from Austria-Hungary into Serbia

146
Q

When did Austria-Hungary declare war on Serbia?

A

28th July 1914

147
Q

When did Tsar Nicholas II of Russia order the Russian army to mobilise and prepare to go to Serbia’s aid?

A

Wednesday 29th July 1914

148
Q

When did Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany send a message to Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, his cousin, to stop mobilising his troops?

A

Thursday 30th July 1914

149
Q

When did Germany declare war on Russia and France prepare its army for war?

A

Saturday 1st August 1914

150
Q

When did Germany begin the first part of the Schlieffen Plan and send troops towards the Belgian border, asking for passage through Belgium to France?

A

Sunday 2nd August 1914

151
Q

When did Germany declare war on France and invade Belgium, the British sending a message to the Germans to call off their invasion of Belgium?

A

Monday 3rd August 1914

152
Q

When did Britain declare war on Germany?

A

Tuesday, 11pm, 4th August 1914

153
Q

Why did the German invasion of Belgium bring Britain into WWI?

A

Britain signed treaty in 1839 promising to protect Belgium if it was invaded

154
Q

When did France declare war on Germany?

A

Wednesday 5th August 1914

155
Q

When did Austria-Hungary declare war on Russia?

A

Thursday 6th August 1914

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