great depression Flashcards
Josiah Strong:.
A Protestant clergyman who advocated for the spread of Anglo-Saxon culture and Christianity to “lesser” races, promoting American imperialism
Alfred Thayer Mahan:
An American naval officer whose book, “The Influence of Sea Power upon History,” argued that national greatness was linked to naval power, influencing U.S. expansion.
Big Sister Policy:
A U.S. foreign policy initiative aiming to rally Latin American nations behind American leadership and open their markets to U.S. goods.
Great Rapprochement:
The reconciliation and strengthening of diplomatic relations between the United States and Great Britain at the end of the 19th century.
McKinley Tariff:
A 1890 law that raised tariffs on imports, including Hawaiian sugar, leading to economic and political repercussions in Hawaii.
Insurrectos:
Cuban insurgents who revolted against Spanish rule in the 1890s, employing guerrilla tactics to fight for independence.
“Butcher” Weyler:
Nickname for Spanish General Valeriano Weyler, who used brutal tactics, including reconcentration camps, to suppress the Cuban rebellion.
Maine:
A U.S. battleship that exploded in Havana Harbor in 1898, leading to heightened tensions and the onset of the Spanish-American War.
Dupuy de Lôme:
Spanish minister to the U.S. whose leaked letter criticized President McKinley, worsening U.S.-Spain relations before the Spanish-American War.
Teller Amendment:
A 1898 U.S. resolution declaring that the U.S. would not annex Cuba after the Spanish-American War, ensuring Cuban independence.
Rough Riders:
A volunteer cavalry regiment led by Theodore Roosevelt during the Spanish-American War, famed for their charge up San Juan Hill.
Anti-Imperialist League:
An organization formed in 1898 to oppose U.S. annexation of the Philippines and other acts of imperialism.
Foraker Act:
A 1900 law establishing civilian government in Puerto Rico, granting limited self-rule but keeping ultimate authority with the U.S.
Insular Cases:
A series of Supreme Court cases determining that constitutional rights did not automatically extend to U.S. territories acquired after the Spanish-American War.
Platt Amendment:
A 1901 amendment outlining conditions for U.S. withdrawal from Cuba, including the right to intervene in Cuban affairs and lease naval bases.
Open Door Note:
A series of policy statements by Secretary of State John Hay in 1899, advocating for equal trading rights in China among foreign nations.
Boxer Rebellion:
A 1900 anti-foreign uprising in China, where a secret society sought to expel foreign influence; suppressed by an international coalition, including U.S. forces.
Hay-Pauncefote Treaty:
A 1901 agreement between the U.S. and Britain granting the U.S. the right to build and control a canal through Central America, leading to the Panama Canal.
Roosevelt Corollary:
An extension of the Monroe Doctrine by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1904, asserting the U.S. right to intervene in Latin American nations to maintain stability.
Root-Takahira Agreement:
A 1908 accord between the U.S. and Japan, where both nations pledged to respect each other’s Pacific territories and uphold the Open Door policy in China.
Thorstein Veblen –
Economist and social critic who wrote The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899), criticizing the rich for “conspicuous consumption” (showing off wealth).
Social Gospel –
A religious movement that believed Christianity should be applied to social problems like poverty and inequality.
Jacob A. Riis –
Photographer and journalist who wrote How the Other Half Lives (1890), exposing poor living conditions in city slums.
Political Reforms
Initiative – Citizens can propose laws directly instead of waiting for legislators.
- Referendum – Citizens can vote to approve or reject laws passed by the government.
- Recall – Voters can remove an elected official before their term ends.
- Australian Ballot – A secret voting method to reduce corruption and voter intimidation.
