chapter 25 Flashcards
New Immigrants
: Refers to the wave of immigrants who came to the United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, primarily from Southern and Eastern Europe. They differed from earlier immigrants who mostly came from Western Europe. These new immigrants faced various challenges, including discrimination, difficult living conditions, and labor exploitation.
Settlement Houses
: Community centers established in urban areas during the late 19th and early 20th centuries to help immigrants and the poor. They provided services such as education, healthcare, and employment assistance. A famous example is the Hull House in Chicago, founded by Jane Addams.
Liberal Protestants:
A movement within Protestantism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that sought to reconcile religious beliefs with modern scientific and social ideas. Liberal Protestants emphasized ethical living and social reform over strict adherence to traditional doctrines.
Charles Darwin:
A naturalist who developed the theory of evolution by natural selection, which he published in his work “On the Origin of Species” in 1859. His ideas had a profound impact on science and society, including debates over religion and the development of social Darwinism.
Booker T. Washington:
An African American educator, author, and leader in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He founded the Tuskegee Institute and advocated for vocational education and economic self-reliance for African Americans, believing that this approach would lead to gradual improvement in racial equality.
W.E.B. Du Bois:
An African American sociologist, historian, and civil rights activist. He co-founded the NAACP and was a strong advocate for immediate and full civil rights for African Americans, opposing Booker T. Washington’s approach of gradualism. Du Bois emphasized the importance of higher education and political action.
Land Grant Colleges:
Institutions of higher education created by the Morrill Acts of 1862 and 1890, which granted federal land to states to fund the establishment of colleges focused on agriculture and the mechanical arts. These colleges played a significant role in expanding access to higher education and advancing scientific research.
Yellow Journalism:
A style of sensationalist and exaggerated news reporting that emerged in the late 19th century. It was used by newspapers such as Joseph Pulitzer’s New York World and William Randolph Hearst’s New York Journal to attract readers and influence public opinion, particularly during events like the Spanish-American War.
Carrie Chapman Catt:
A prominent women’s suffrage leader who played a key role in the passage of the 19th Amendment, which granted women the right to vote. She served as president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) and founded the League of Women Voters.
Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU):
A social reform organization founded in 1874 that advocated for temperance (the reduction or prohibition of alcohol consumption), as well as other social issues such as women’s suffrage, labor rights, and education. It was one of the largest and most influential women’s organizations of the time.
Horatio Alger:
An author known for his popular rags-to-riches stories that emphasized the American Dream and the belief that hard work and determination could lead to success. His works were widely read during the late 19th and early 20th centuries and influenced American culture and values.
Realism:
A literary and artistic movement that emerged in the late 19th century, focusing on the depiction of everyday life and ordinary people with an emphasis on accuracy and detail. Realist writers and artists aimed to portray life as it truly was, without idealization or romanticism.
Naturalism:
An extension of realism, naturalism was a literary movement that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It focused on the influence of environment, heredity, and social conditions on human behavior. Naturalist writers often depicted the harsh realities of life and the forces beyond individuals’ control.
Regionalism:
A literary movement that emerged in the late 19th century, emphasizing the unique characteristics and culture of specific geographic regions. Regionalist writers sought to capture the local color, dialects, and customs of their settings, often highlighting the differences between various parts of the country.
