Grant et al- Cognitive Area

Question 1

Background

Answer 1

memory in matching vs. mismatching contexts.

Question 2

Aim

Answer 2

To investigate whether studying and recalling information in the same environment improves memory performance.

Question 3

Procedure

Answer 3

Participants read a two-page article on psychoimmunology.
Studied in silent or noisy conditions (background noise from a cafeteria).
Given a 2-minute break before testing.
Test phase:
Short-answer test (recall).
Multiple-choice test (recognition).
Tested in either same or different condition as study phase (silent/noisy).

Question 4

Findings

Answer 4

Matching conditions (silent-silent, noisy-noisy) led to better recall.
Mismatched conditions (silent-noisy, noisy-silent) resulted in worse performance.

Question 5

Conclusions

Answer 5

: Context affects memory retrieval, so studying in the same environment as the exam can help recall.

Question 6

Context dependency

Answer 6

We recall information better when in the same environment where we learned it.

Question 7

What were the 2 conditions?

Answer 7

Noise, Silence

Question 8

Sample

Answer 8

39 participants (aged 17-56, recruited by 8 experimenters).
23 males 16 females

Question 9

Research method design

Answer 9

Independent measures