Cognitive Area - Moray Flashcards
What is dichotic listening?
A method where two different auditory messages are played into each ear.
What did Cherry (1953) find about selective attention?
Participants could shadow one message while filtering out the unattended one.
What could break through the attentional filter according to Cherry’s findings?
Certain information, like their own name.
What was the main aim of Moray’s study?
1) To test Cherry’s findings on attention
2) Investigate what types of messages would penetrate attentional block and paled attention
What are affective cues?
Personal or emotional triggers (e.g., hearing one’s own name).
What was the methodology used in Moray’s study?
Lab Experiment using a dichotic listening task.
Who were the participants in Moray’s study?
Undergraduates and research workers from Oxford.
What did Experiment 1 of Moray’s study investigate?
Can participants recall content from the unattended ear?
What were the findings of Experiment 1?
Participants could not recall words from the rejected message.
What did Experiment 2 focus on?
Whether affective cues in the rejected message would be noticed.
How much more often did participants hear their name compared to other non-affective cues?
20 times more often.
What conclusion was drawn from Experiment 2?
Affective cues can break through attention filters.
What was examined in Experiment 3?
If instructions in the unattended message would be followed.
Under what condition did participants follow instructions in Experiment 3?
When they were alerted beforehand to listen for them.
What is one key conclusion about attention from Moray’s study?
Attention is highly selective – little content from the rejected ear is remembered.
What implication does Moray’s study have regarding affective cues?
Affective cues can break through the attentional filter.
What is a key finding regarding instructions in Moray’s study?
Instructions are only effective if participants are expecting them.
What is a strength of Moray’s study?
High control over variables (lab setting).
What is a weakness of Moray’s study?
Low ecological validity (artificial task).
What does Moray’s study provide support for?
Attention theories.
What are real-life applications of Moray’s findings?
Understanding attention and perception in everyday life.
What is the definition of selective attention?
Focusing on one stimulus while ignoring others.
What is the cocktail party effect?
Explains why people notice their names in crowded or noisy environments.
True or False: Moray’s study supports the idea of psychological determinism.
True.
Fill in the blank: The study suggests that attention is governed by _______.
[automatic cognitive processes]
What does the reductionist view imply about Moray’s study?
It breaks attention down into cognitive processes.
What does the holistic view suggest about attention?
Real-life factors influence perception.
What is the criticism regarding the scientific aspect of Moray’s study?
The artificial nature of the task reduces ecological validity.
What is one limitation of Moray’s study regarding generalisability?
Limited generalizability due to small sample size.
What is one individual factor that could influence attention according to Moray’s findings?
Cognitive ability.
Shadowing
Participants listen to 2 stimuli and repeat one loadly
Indépendant Variable
Reel to Reel tape recorder with thin outputs
Sample?
Undergraduate Oxford students both genders
