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BacT RUSVM Summer 15 > Gram + Rods Cornyebac, Rhodococcus, Nocardia > Flashcards

Gram + Rods Cornyebac, Rhodococcus, Nocardia Flashcards

1
Q

Does Corynebacterium, Nocardia, and Rhodococcus have Mycolic acid?

A

Yes, yes they do. DO YOU KNOW WHAT THIS MEANS!!?? YOU BETTER!

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2
Q

Cool Corynebacterium, nocardia, and Rhodococcus have Mycolic acid, but what does that mean?

A

ACID FAST STAINING, opposite of Gram in regards to color
+=Pink
-=Purpleish

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3
Q

General characteristics of Corynebacterium?

A

Gram +, Pleomorphic, non-spore forming, non-motile, rods , (Pleomorphic- can assume other morphologies, cocci, coccobacillus, and rods).

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4
Q

Oxygen requirements of Corynebacterium?

A

Facultative anaerobe

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5
Q

what is the result of the catalase test in Corynebacterium?

A

Not just sure, POSITIVE

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6
Q

where is corynebacterium found as commensals?

A

skin, mucous membrane

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7
Q

Are most species recovered from animals considered pathogenic? (corynebacterium)

A

NO

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8
Q

What are the two lipophilic species of corynebacterium? Pyogranulomatous or pyogenic?

A

C. psuedotuberculosis (sheep lymphadenitis)
C. urealyticum

Pyogranulomatous

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9
Q

What are the non-lipophilic species of Corynebacterium? what are the characteristics?

A

C. renale group
C. diphtheria (diphtheria in humans)

Pyogenic, toxic

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10
Q

What causes Contagious bovine pyelonephritis?

A

Corynebacterium renale group

C. renale, cystiditis, pilosum

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11
Q

Contagious Bovine pyelonephritis usually affects?

A

Adult cows

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12
Q

What is the reservoir of C. renale group?

A

Clinically normal carrier cows

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13
Q

what are the risk factors of contagious Bovine pyelonephritis?

A

Trauma to bladder and urethra during parturition

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14
Q

What is the transmission of Contagious Bovine pyelonepritis?

A

Contaminated bedding
venereal transmission
non-sterile OB instruments

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15
Q

What are the Ante-mortem signs of contagious bovine pyelonephritis?

A 
Persistent elevated temp 39.5oC
loss of appetite and weight loss
PAINFUL URINATION & PU
AMMONIAC ODOR OF URINE*******!!!!!!!*******
colic
Dec rumen contractions
Dec milk production
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16
Q

What are the Post-mortem findings of contagious bovine pyelonephritis?

A

Multifocal abscesses in renal cortex, medulla and pelvis (Pelvis most Prominent)
Enlarged renal lymph nodes
Uremia

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17
Q

How do you Dx Contagious bovine pyelonephritis

A

Culture - urine or renal tissue

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18
Q

what causes caseous lymphadenitis in sheep and goats?

A

CONTAGIOUS & Can be REPORTABLE

C. pseudotuberculosis

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19
Q

What are the general characteristics of C. pseudotuberculosis?

A

Gram +, facultative, intracellular coccobacillus

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20
Q

What is Caseous Lymphadenitis characterized by?

A

abscess formation in or near major peripheral lymph nodes (EXTERNAL FORM= GOATS)

Abscess formation within internal organs and lymphnodes (INTERNAL FORM= Sheep)

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21
Q

what is the result of C. pseudotuberculosis and arthropod vectors?

A

Pigeon fever in horses ( “colorado strangles” “ Dry-land distemper”)
Nitrate-reducing biotype of c. pseudotuberculosis*
ulcerative lymphangitis of lower extremities
cattle can also get infected
Abscess in the pectoral region and ventral abdomen
West and midwest states
enter through skin abrasions
Arthropod vectors include stable, horn, house flies, or contaminated fomites and soil

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22
Q

What are the virulence factors of C. pseudotuberculosis?

A

Exotoxin phospholipase D

External lipid coat that provides protection from hydrolytic enzymes in host phagocytes

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23
Q

What does phospholipase D do?

A

Damages endothelial cells and increases vascular permeability

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24
Q

what is the pathogenesis of C. pseudotuberculosis?

A

entry through skin and mucous membrane> travel to lymphnodes and viscera> replication of bacteria occurs in phagocytes> process of bacterial replication, and inflammation> formation of abscess

distinctive lamellated “onion skin” appearance - Goats
Sheep- more purulent

Disease severity increases with age

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25
Q

How is C. pseudotuberculosis Dx demonstrated?

A

Culture of purulent materials- difficult if abscess is internal
Synergistic hemolysin inhibition (SHI) detects antibodies to phospholipase D exotoxin
Titers- not good, could be previous exposure, non developed antibodies, recent vaccination. False negatives= early infection, chronic walled off abscesses

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26
Q

What is the DDx of C. pseudotuberculosis?

A

Truperella pyogenes
Staph aureus
pasterulla multocida
Fusobacterium necrophorum (anaerobes)

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27
Q

How does one control Pseudotuberculosis?

A

Culling Best option
Owner education

Genetic or emotional animals-
lancing & draining
Formalin- cruel
systemic & intralesional antibiotics
extra label use**
penicillin, rifampin, tulathromycin
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28
Q

Whats important in regards to sheep vs. goat vaccines for C. pseudotuberculosis?

A

DO NOT INTERCHANGE!!!

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29
Q

Corynebacterium kutscheri causes?

A

Murine pseudotuberculosis
Lung: Suppurative pneumonia**
Kidney, liver, heart: Similar nodular lesions
Joints: arthritic lesions of pedal extremities

Subcuticular abscesses
Lymph nodes: lymphoid hyperplasia of regional lymph nodes

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30
Q

Corynebacterium Bovis- causes what in what species?

A

Dermatitis
Hyperkeratosis

IN MICE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

31
Q

Rhodococcus Equi characteristics?

A

Gram+ rods or coccobacilli
non spore forming
weakly acid fast
Aerobic, catalase-positive, non- motile

32
Q

R. equi oxygen requirements?

A

Aerobic

33
Q

R. equi catalase test?

A

positive

34
Q

R. equi motility?

A

non motile

35
Q

R. equi extra or intracellular?

A

Facultative intracellular

36
Q

What is unique about the cell envelope?

A

Lipid Rich
rich in mycolic acid
Promotes intra-macrophage survival and Granuloma formation

37
Q

R. equi main cause of what?

A

FOAL PNEUMONIA!!

38
Q

what is the habitat of R. equi?

A

Soil, however, virulence is maintained in horses. over time soil isolates can lose virulence associated plasmids

39
Q

are all strains of R. equi pathogenic?

A

no theres soil saprophytes (Facultative intracellular= can survive outside cells=soil)

40
Q

Whats unique about isolates of R. equi obtained from species other than horses?

A

Usually lack virulence associated proteins

41
Q

what are the virulence factors of R. equi?

A

Virulence associed proteins (VAPs)
(encoded on large plasmids) (promotes survival in non-activated macrophages)
Mycolic acid, teichoic acid/peptidoglycan
Cholesterol oxidase (equi factor)*** (used for Dx)
Phospholipase C

42
Q

what is the most serious cause of pneumonia in foals 1-4m of age?

A

R. equi

43
Q

why is R. equi such a bad disease

A

Mortality
Prolonged Tx
Surveillance for early detection
Relatively expensive prophylactics

44
Q

Horse older than 8 months, R. equi Dz or nah?

A

nah, rare

45
Q

Pulmonary infection of R. equi usually happens when?

A

1st week of life

46
Q

Lung infection of R. equi?

A

multiple 1-100mm diameter, coalescing, firm, caseonecrotic foci predominately in cranioventral lung lobes

47
Q

GI infection of R. Equi?

A

ulcerative enterocolitis often based over peyers patches in the ileum and irregular well defined ulcers in the large intestine. Occurs in more than 50% of foals w/ pneumonia

48
Q

Bronchial and mesenteric lymph node signs of R. equi?

A

swollen and edematous often w/ pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis

49
Q

Bone infection of R. equi?

A

osteomyelitis

50
Q

regarding hemolysis what is important about R. equi?

A

it enhances hemolyis of weakly hemolytic organisms (C. pseudotuberculosis, lysteria monocytogenes, Beta-lysin producing S. aureus)

51
Q

DDx of R. equi?

A 
Fungal Pneumonia
stretococcus zooepidemicus
Strep equi
Equine viral rhinopneumonitis (EVR)
Equine flu
Adenoviral pneumonia
Equine viral arteritis
52
Q

what methods are used for early screening for R. equi?

A 
Elevated plasma fibrinogen
Visual inspection
Rectal temp 2x day
PE 2x week
CBC --inc WBC
Thoracic rads/ ultrasound (foals 1-3months old).

Serology not reliable

53
Q

R. equi Dx method?

A

Definitive Dx= Culture or PCR on transtracheal aspirate or specimen from other lesions plus cytologic evidence of sepsis

Culture of feces- dont do it

serology- do not even think about it

54
Q

Treatment for R. equi

A

7d->3weeks expensive, may have adverse effects and is variably successful
Standard empirical treatment= Combo macrolide (erythro or clarithromycin) + rifampin = synergistic in vitro
MACROLIDE RESISTANCE REPORTED!
Hyperimmune plasma and NSAID use is variable

55
Q

first days of life things to do to prevent R. equi?

A

Hyperimmune plasma

azithromycin

56
Q

Nocardia characteristics?

A 
Pleomorphic ( rods, cocci, cocobacilli, long branching filaments)
gram +
Facultative intracellular bacterium
non motile
non spore forming
57
Q

what are the oxygen requirements of pathogenic Nocardia?

A

Strictly aerobic, grow at wide temperature range

58
Q

Nocardia species most common in canine and feline?

A

N asteroides, more common in dogs

Can cause abortion in horses cattle sheep and swine, no other signs in dam

59
Q

Describe Dz aspects of Nocardiosis

A

oppurtunistic
non contagious
pyogranulomatous to suppurative Dz of domestic animals wildlife and people

60
Q

What are the common signs of Nocardia?

A

Mastitis, Pneumonia, abscesses, cutanous and SQ lesions

61
Q

Bovine Farcy? what are the lesions?

A

N. asteroides

lymphangitis & lymphadenitis

62
Q

Nocardia Dx method?

A

culture, acid fast, ID can predict susceptibility

63
Q

Tx Nocardia?

A

Empirical= aminoglycoside and carbapenem, trimethoprim/sulfa

64
Q

Bacteria that uses host actin filaments to travel between cells?

A

lysteria monocytogenes

65
Q

Hepatic necrosis from listeriosis occurs in who primarily?

A

monogastrics and neonates

66
Q

pig with rhomboid shaped lesions on skin?

A

erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

67
Q

Greasy pig dz?

A

Staph hyicus

68
Q

Strep suis?

A

meningitis in pigs

ZOONOTIC

69
Q

what plasmids are required for anthrax virulence?

A

capsule and toxin

70
Q

Capsule of anthrax is composed of?

A

poly-glutamic acid

71
Q

McFadyean stain is used for?

A

Capsule of Anthrax= pink shadow around bacT

72
Q

What plasmid provides good immunity for anthrax?

A

toxin plasmid

73
Q

is anthrax contagious?

A

NO infectious But NOT CONTAGIOUS
ANTHRAX IS NOT CONTAGIOUS
ANTHRAX IS NOT CONTAGIOUS
ANTHRAX IS NOT CONTAGIOUS

BacT RUSVM Summer 15 (20 decks)

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