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BacT RUSVM Summer 15 > Gram + cocci Strep > Flashcards

Gram + cocci Strep Flashcards

1
Q

An Elisa Test was used to screeen two cattle herds for the presence of Johne’s Disease. Heard A has a prevalence of 80% and Herd B had a prevalence of 15%. The positive predictive value of this test is much higher in which Herd?

A

Herd A

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2
Q

Should you ship a sample to a lab in a syringe w/ a needle attached?

A

NO never dont do it

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3
Q

What would one expect to see in microscopic examination of Streptococcal species?

A

Gram + cocci in pairs or chains

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4
Q

What type of metabolism do Strep species exhibit?

A

Facultative Anaerobe (aerobe and anaerobe)

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5
Q

What is a major diagnostic test to differentiate between staph and strep species?

A

Catalase test

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6
Q

What is the result of the catalase test with Strep species?

A

Negative- Staph is positive

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7
Q

Where is strep commonly found?

A 
commensal of oral cavity
nasopharynx,
skin,
GI
and Genital tracts
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8
Q

A disease can be diagnosed by identifying the infectious agent and the host immune response to that agent? T/F?

A

True

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9
Q

What is another way to classify Strep species?

A

Hemolytic classification alpha, beta, gamma

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10
Q

Humoral immune tests are measured by screening for what?

A

antibodies

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11
Q

the ability of a test to accurately identify an infected animal as positive is known as?

A

sensitivity

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12
Q

Lower sensitivity in tests can result in?

A

False positives

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13
Q

the ability of a test to accurately identify a non infected animal as negative is known as?

A

Specificity

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14
Q

Lower specificity in tests can result in?

A

false negatives

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15
Q

What is enterococcus resistant of? Oxygen usage?

A

6.5% NaCl, Bile salts. Facultative anaerobe

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16
Q

what is Peptostreptococcus’ oxygen requirement?

A

Obligate anaerobe.

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17
Q

What is significant about Abiotrophia?

A

it is nutritionally fastidious- needs to have staph to grow in lab.

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18
Q

Are beta hamolytic streptococci pyogenic?

A

Generally.

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19
Q

do some strains of Strep have capsules?

A

yes

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20
Q

Non pyogenic strains of Streptococcus are usually categorized how when concerning hemolytic properties?

A

Generally non hemolytic or alpha hemolytic

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21
Q

What is common streptococcal diseases

A 
acute suppurative- local to systemic
immunologic post-streptococcal diseases (mostly Human)
Subacute (vegetative) endocarditis 
Chronic Mastitis
STSS streptococcal toxi shock syndrome
Necrotizing Fasciitis and Myositis (NFM)
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22
Q

What test is unique to Streptococcus species?

A

Lancefield

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23
Q

What does the lancefield test base species of strep to?

A

Cell wall CHO’s (A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H)

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24
Q

What are the Sreptococcus cell-associated virulence Factors

A

Capsules*
Peptidoglycan
Teichoic/lipoteichoic acid
M Protein*
Ig Binding Proteins
Streptokinase- converts plasminogen–> plasmin- breaks down fibrin
Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins (superantigens)

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25
Q

What is scarlet fever and why bother?

A 
S. pyogenes Red rashy bumps 
Rheumatic fever
Kidney disease (poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis)
Otitis media
Skin infections
abscesses of the throat
Pneumonia Arthritis
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26
Q

What species does S. Pyogenes effect?

A

humans cattle horses

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27
Q

What does S. agalactiae cause?

A

mastitis

28
Q

S. equi subsp equi causes?

A

Strangles

29
Q

S. uberis causes?

A

Clinical mastitis

30
Q

S. canis is in which streptococcal group?

A

G

31
Q

Where is S. Canis found?

A

commensal of skin and mucous membrane

32
Q

What is S. canis infection consistent with?

A

Vagina or umbilical vein-> peritoneal cavity -> Liver -> wham bam thank you maam you got yourself bacteremia

33
Q

S. canis infections can cause what in regards to the heart and lungs?

A

Septicemia and embolic lesions

34
Q

What is the pathogenic Streptococcus associated with pigs?

A

S. suis

35
Q

How many serotypes of S. suis are there

A

35

36
Q

Which serotype of S. suis is most commonly isolated in pigs? and what about humans?

A

type 2 for both.

37
Q

which age group of pigs are predominately bothered by S. suis?

A

weanlings and growing pigs

38
Q

What are the clinical diseases brought about by S. suis?

A

Septicemia, serositis, meningitis, polyarthritis, pneumonia, abortions, abscesses and endocarditis

39
Q

What species of Strep. is important to fishermen?

A

S. iniae- high zoonotic risk. virulent and commensal strains

40
Q

What causes jowl abscess in pigs?

A

S. porcinus

41
Q

Whats important about Viridans group of Streptococcus?

A

They do not react with lancefield grouping sera.
Definitive species ID is difficult.
Some human infections

42
Q

Where can Viridans group ostrep be found?

A

mouth, Gi and Vagina of healthy humans as well as animals. Dairy and other sources

43
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae causes what in humans? and what does the human need to be to susceptible?

A

pneumococcal pneumonia, septicemia, and meningitis.

Older or immunocompromised

44
Q

Who acts as the carrier of S. pneumoniae?

A

Domestic pets

45
Q

S. equi belongs to which strep group?

A

Beta hemolytic Group C

46
Q

What does S. equi look like?

A

usually has marked mucoid appearance due to hyaluronic acid Capsule

47
Q

S. equi sbusp. equi has to be distinguished from other equine group C strep species ( S. zooepidemicus and S. equisimilis) what tests allow this?

A

Sugar fermentation or nucleic acid-based testing

48
Q

S. equi infections are prone to which species of animal?

A

Equids are only known host

49
Q

Which age group of horses is common with S. equi infections?

A

Weaned foals and yearlings are most susceptible

50
Q

What are the virulence factors of S. equi?

A 
Cellular-
= hyaluronic acid capsule*
=M protein *
= IgG Fc Binding proteins
=peptidoglycan/teichoic acid
Extra cellular-
-streptokinase
-hyaluronidase
-streptolysin S
-DNAse
-Streptococcal Pyrogenic Exotoxins
51
Q

Strangles in horses what is it?

A

Abscessation of regional lymph nodes in the intermandibular area (retropharyngeal). caused by S. equi subsp equi

52
Q

Transmission of S. equi happens how? and how contagious is it?

A

Direct= contact with horse shedding bacterium
Indirect= contact with contaminated enviornment
HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS

53
Q

When do clinical signs appear after S. equi infection and what are the clinical signs?

A 
3-14d Fever first 39-39.5--> look up conversion to F
purulent nasal discharge
depression, anorexia, dysphagia
MOIST cough- love that word!!
lymph node abscesses w/ in 2 weeks
54
Q

What are two potential complications associated with S. equi?

A 
Disseminated infection (bastard Strangles)
Purpura Hemorrhagica (immune complex mediated vasculitis) TYPE 3 hypersensitivity reaction.
55
Q

what the heck is a guttural pouch empyema?

A

Pus in the guttural pouch. which to my next point any time you put pus in a medical record please for the love of GOD do not put anything but pus.

56
Q

What type of infection is GPE gut pouch empyema

A

Secondary to an upper respiratory infection
S. equi most common
retropharyngeal LN-> guttural puches through lymphatic drainage & rupture

57
Q

Guttural pouch Chondroids

A

accumulation of soft or hard concretions in one or both guttural pouches
- chronic empyema

58
Q

Carriers of S. equi usually shed how?

A

Incubatory 4-7 days after exposure w/ or w/ out clinical signs
Clinical shedding from affected sites
Convalescent nasal shedding for up to 6 weeks after recovery
Long Term shedding from guttural pouch 5-7 months or more

59
Q

What is recovery and immunity to further infections of S. equi like?

A

Infected animals usually recover after abscesses mature and rupture
75% of animals have strong immunity following recovery

60
Q

What are the diagnostic tests for S. equi?

A

CULTURE- Swab, Lavage (nasal, pharynx, LN, GP)
-3 negatives at weekly intervals sufficient to release from quarantine
-test GP 30d post recovery
SEROLOGY- ELISA for M Protein
PCR- M Protein= VERY GOOD TEST- determines asymptomatic carriers. MUST CONFIRM W/ Culture (PCR Detects live and dead Bacteria)

61
Q

What is the treatment For S. equi?

A

most recover spontaneously
Symptomatic treatments to relieve pain and hasten recovery
ABX only effective if given prior to abscess formation

62
Q

Is S. equi a reportable disease?

A

in many states yes, yes it is.

63
Q

What is good common sense for S. equi control?

A

Quarantine
Isolation
Clean and disinfect
Scan herd to determine disease state on farm

64
Q

Are there vaccines for S. equi?

A

Yes im glad you wanted to know there are 2!
Killed, IM (M Protein enriched) - Anti M protein antibodies
Live, IN used to stimulate mucosal immunity (can complicate culture based screening)

65
Q

Where do enterococcus live?

A

GI tract

66
Q

How does one become infected with enterococcus?

A

Nosocomial systemic infections

67
Q

What else is important with Enterococcus?

A

Persistent UTI
Vancomycin resistance pathogenicity island
in vivo resistance

BacT RUSVM Summer 15 (20 decks)

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