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Microbiology and Parasitology > Gram-positive Bacteria > Flashcards

Gram-positive Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Virulence factor of Staphyloccus aureus that binds IgG, preventing opsonization and phagocytosis

A

Protein A

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2
Q

Most common cause of acute infective endocarditis

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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3
Q

Genes encoding methicillin-resistance in Staphylococcus aureus

A

SCCmec (staphylococcal cassette chromosome conferring resistance to methicillin) / mecA

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4
Q

Drug of choice against Staphylococcus epidermidis

A

Vancomycin

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5
Q

Toxin causing staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

A

Exfoliatin

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6
Q

TSST-1 causes this syndrome

A

Toxic shock syndrome

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7
Q

The only bacterium with a capsule composed of protein (poly-D­ glutamic acid)

A

Bacillus anthracis

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8
Q

Woolsorter’s disease is also known as

A

Pulmonary anthrax

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9
Q

In Bacillus anthracis, the genes for exotoxins are encoded in this plasmid

A

pXO1

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10
Q

Bacillus cereus secretes a heat-labile and a heat-stable toxin. The heat-labile toxin, similar to the enterotoxin of cholera and the LT from Escherichia coli, causes nausea, abdominal pain and diarrhea that lasts for:

A

12-24 hours

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11
Q

Exotoxin released by Clostridium tetani

A

Tetanospasmin

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12
Q

Type of muscle paralysis in botulism

A

Flaccid paralysis

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13
Q

The tetanus toxin acts on these cells, preventing the release of GABA and glycine, which are inhibitory neurotransmitters

A

Renshaw cell interneurons

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14
Q

A grotesque grinning expression due to spasm of facial muscles exhibited by patients with tetanus is known as:

A

Risus sardonicus

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15
Q

Booster shots of tetanus toxoid vaccine are given every:

A

10 years

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16
Q

Bacteria that causes pseudomembranous colitis

A

Clostridium difficile

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17
Q

Gas gangrene is caused by:

A

Clostridium perfringens

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18
Q

These enzymes are responsible for beta hemolysis in Streptococcal organisms

A

Streptolysins O and S

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19
Q

Scarlet fever is caused by this toxin released by S. pyogenes

A

Pyrogenic / Erythrogenic exotoxin

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20
Q

Three most common pathogens associated with meningitis in infants younger than 3 months

A

Group B Streptococcus (most common)
Listeria monocytogenes
Escherichia coli

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21
Q

When pneumococci on a slide smear are mixed with a small amount of anti­ serum (serum with antibodies to the capsular antigens) and methylene blue, the capsule will appear to swell. Identify this reaction.

A

Quellung reaction

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22
Q

Three main causes of otitis media

A 
Streptococcus pneumoniae (~30% of cases)
Haemophilus influenzae (~25%)
Moraxella catarrhalis (~15-20% )
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23
Q

Chest x-ray finding in post-viral Staphylococcal pneumonia

A

Pneumatocele formation

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24
Q

Most common cause of osteomyelitis and septic arthritis

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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25
Usual food source in Staphylococcal gastroenteritis
Salad made with mayonnaise
26
Most common cause of prosthetic valve endocarditis, septic arthritis in prosthetic joints, and ventriculoperitoneal shunt infections
Staphylococcus epidermidis
27
Second most common cause of urinary tract infection in sexually active women
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
28
Honey colored crust is a manifestation of this skin infection caused by Streptococcus pyogenes
Impetigo
29
Toxin responsible for necrotizing fasciitis from Streptococcus pyogenes
Exotoxin B
30
Most common bacterial cause of sore throat
Streptococcus pyogenes
31
Three clinical conditions that can present with strawberry tongue
Kawasaki disease Scarlet fever Toxic shock syndrome
32
Susceptibility test used in scarlet fever
Dick test
33
Test used to determine antecedent streptococcal skin infection
Anti-DNAse
34
Most common antecedent infection in poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
Pyoderma
35
Most common cause of neonatal pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis
Streptococcus agalactiae
36
Cause of endocarditis in patients who underwent gastrointestinal tract surgery
Enterococcus faecalis
37
Etiology of marantic endocarditis in patients with abdominal malignancy
Streptococcus bovis
38
Most common cause of dental caries
Streptococcus mutans
39
Most common cause of subacute and native valve endocarditis
Streptococcus sanguinis
40
This viridans Streptococcus can cause brain abscesses
Streptococcus intermedius
41
Most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia, acute otitis media, bacterial sinusitis, and meningitis in adults and the elderly
Streptococcus pneumoniae
42
Drug of choice in infections causes by most streptococcal infections
Penicillin
43
Gastroenteritis from reheated fried rice is usually caused by what organism
Bacillus cereus
44
Treatment for gastroenteritis caused by Bacillus cereus
Supportive
45
Drug of choice for Bacillus anthracis
Ciprofloxacin
46
Type of paralysis in botulism
Flaccid
47
Floppy baby syndrome is caused by:
Clostridium botulinum
48
Most common cause of Clostridium difficile colitis is prolonged treatment with this antibiotic
Clindamycin
49
Aside from clindamycin, these cell wall inhibitors are also common causes of Clostridium difficile colitis
Second and third generation cephalosporins
50
What is the most common cause of necrotizing fasciitis?
Streptococcus pyogenes
51
Gas within the muscle in clostridial myonecrosis produces this characteristic clinical finding
Crepitation
52
Drug of choice for tetanus infection
Penicillin G
53
An arched posture of extreme hyperextension of the body seen in tetanus
Opisthotonos
54
Type of paralysis in tetanus
Spastic
55
Etiology of pseudomembranous pharyngitis
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
56
Granulomatosis infantiseptica is also known as:
Early-onset neonatal listeriosis
57
Drug of choice for anthrax
Ciprofloxacin
58
Toxin that cleaves SNARE proteins such as SNAP 25, syntaxin, and synaptobrevin
Botulinum toxin
59
Toxin that cleaves synaptobrevin inhibiting the inhibitory neuron release or firing
Tetanus toxin
60
Bacterium with a deeply staining metachromic granules giving a beaded appearance
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
61
Drug of choice for CNS Listeria sp. infection in patients allergic to penicillin
Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole
62
Catalase and coagulase positive Gram positive organism that produces yellowish colonies
Staphylococcus aureus
63
Toxin of S. aureus that lyses WBCs and acts as an important virulence factor
Panton valentine leukocidin
64
Fifth generation cephalosporin with coverage for MRSA
Ceftaroline
65
Drug used to eradicate nasal carrier state of S. aureus
Rifampin
66
Bacitracin sensitive and PYR+ Streptococcus causing significant human disease
S. pygogenes
67
Streptococcus that grows in bile and 6.5% NaCl implicated in abdominal abscesses, urinary tract infection, and endocarditis
Group D Streptococci
68
Streptococcus that grows in bile but not in 6.5% NaCl, implicated in bacteremia among colon cancer patients
S. bovis
69
Gram positive, non acid fast, obligate anaerobe with branching filaments
Actinomyces spp.
70
Gram positive, acid fast, obligate aerobe with branching filaments
Nocardia spp.
71
Virulence factor of Streptococci which induces antibodies that react with human cardiac sarcolemma implicated in rheumatic fever
M protein
72
Also known as spreading factor of Streptococci causing breakdown in the ground substance of connective tissue
Hyaluronidase
73
ASO titer cutoff suggestive of recent streptococcal infection
160-200 units
74
Agent responsible for the hemolytic zones around streptococcal colonies on blood agar
Streptolysin S
75
Most common infection caused by GABHS
Pharyngitis
76
Impetigo could lead to this autoimmune complication
Glomerulonephritis
77
Poststreptococcal autoimmune complications develop how long after infections?
1-4 weeks
78
Two serologic tests that are more specific for streptococcal cutaneous infections
Anti DNAse | Anti hyaluronidase
79
Drug of choice for Streptococcus pyogenes infection
Penicillin G
80
Bacteremia from S. pneumoniae causes this triad of complications
Arthritis Endocarditis Meningitis
81
Drug of choice for mild pneumonia
Amoxicillin
82
Main virulence factor of S. pneumoniae
Polysaccharide capsule
83
Drug of choice for anthrax
Ciprofloxacin
84
Toxin that cleaves SNARE proteins such as SNAP 25, syntaxin, and synaptobrevin
Botulinum toxin
85
Toxin that cleaves synaptobrevin inhibiting the inhibitory neuron release or firing
Tetanus toxin
86
Bacterium with a deeply staining metachromic granules giving a beaded appearance
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
87
Drug of choice for CNS Listeria sp. infection in patients allergic to penicillin
Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole
88
Catalase and coagulase positive Gram positive organism that produces yellowish colonies
Staphylococcus aureus
89
Toxin of S. aureus that lyses WBCs and acts as an important virulence factor
Panton valentine leukocidin
90
Fifth generation cephalosporin with coverage for MRSA
Ceftaroline
91
Drug used to eradicate nasal carrier state of S. aureus
Rifampin
92
Bacitracin sensitive and PYR+ Streptococcus causing significant human disease
S. pygogenes
93
Streptococcus that grows in bile and 6.5% NaCl implicated in abdominal abscesses, urinary tract infection, and endocarditis
Group D Streptococci
94
Streptococcus that grows in bile but not in 6.5% NaCl, implicated in bacteremia among colon cancer patients
S. bovis
95
Gram positive, non acid fast, obligate anaerobe with branching filaments
Actinomyces spp.
96
Gram positive, acid fast, obligate aerobe with branching filaments
Nocardia spp.
97
Virulence factor of Streptococci which induces antibodies that react with human cardiac sarcolemma implicated in rheumatic fever
M protein
98
Also known as spreading factor of Streptococci causing breakdown in the ground substance of connective tissue
Hyaluronidase
99
ASO titer cutoff suggestive of recent streptococcal infection
160-200 units
100
Agent responsible for the hemolytic zones around streptococcal colonies on blood agar
Streptolysin S
101
Most common infection caused by GABHS
Pharyngitis
102
Impetigo could lead to this autoimmune complication
Glomerulonephritis
103
Poststreptococcal autoimmune complications develop how long after infections?
1-4 weeks
104
Two serologic tests that are more specific for streptococcal cutaneous infections
Anti DNAse | Anti hyaluronidase
105
Drug of choice for Streptococcus pyogenes infection
Penicillin G
106
Bacteremia from S. pneumoniae causes this triad of complications
Arthritis Endocarditis Meningitis
107
Drug of choice for mild pneumonia
Amoxicillin
108
Main virulence factor of S. pneumoniae
Polysaccharide capsule

Microbiology and Parasitology (7 decks)

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