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Microbiology and Parasitology > Gram-negative Bacteria > Flashcards

Gram-negative Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Most common cause of meningitis in children aged 2 to 18 years

A

Niesseria meningitidis

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2
Q

Most severe form of meningococcemia wherein there is bilateral hemorrhagic destruction of adrenal glands

A

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome

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3
Q

Strains of N. meningitidis covered by the quadrivalent meningococcal vaccine

A

A, C, Y, W135

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4
Q

Drug of choice in gonorrhea

A

Ceftriaxone

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5
Q

Purulent conjunctivitis in the newborn caused by Niesseria gonorrhea

A

Ophthalmia neonatorum

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6
Q

Most common cause of urethritis in men and pelvic inflammatory disease

A

Niesseria gonorrheae

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7
Q

About 30% of patients with gonorrhea have concomitant infection with:

A

Chlamydia

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8
Q

Perihepatic extension of pelvic inflammatory disease

A

Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome

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9
Q

The type b capsule of Haemophilus influenzae is made of:

A

Polyribitol

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10
Q

Most common cause of epiglottitis

A

Haemophilus influenzae

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11
Q

Pontiac fever is caused by:

A

Legionella pneumophila

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12
Q

Atypical pneumonia from Legionella pneumophila can present with this electrolyte abnormality

A

Hyponatremia

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13
Q

Cause of whooping cough

A

Bordetella pertussis

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14
Q

Most common cause of community-acquired urinary tract infections and the second most common cause of neonatal meningitis

A

Escherichia coli

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15
Q

Causative strain of traveler’s diarrhea

A

Enterotoxigenic E. coli

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16
Q

Causative strain of hemolytic uremic syndrome

A

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (O157:H7)

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17
Q

Triad of hemolytic uremic syndrome

A

Anemia
Renal failure
Thrombocytopenia

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18
Q

Toxin associated with HUS

A

Shiga-like verotoxin

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19
Q

Associated food in HUS

A

Undercooked beef

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20
Q

Causative species of salmonella enterocolitis

A

Salmonella enteritidis

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21
Q

Clinical manifestations of typhoid fever on its first week

A

Relative bradycardia

Stepladder fever

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22
Q

Clinical manifestations of typhoid fever on its second week

A

Abdominal pain

Rose spots

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23
Q

Clinical manifestations of typhoid fever on its third week

A

Bleeding

Ileitis

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24
Q

Clinical manifestations of typhoid fever on its fourth week

A

Recovery or death

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25
Salmonella cholaraesius osteomyelitis is most often seen in association with:
Sickle cell disease, hemoglobinopathies, or preexisting bone disease (e.g., fractures) [HPIM 19th ed.]
26
Mosct common cause of bacillary dysentery
Shigella sonnei / Duval's bacillus
27
Shigella strain that is the most common cause of epidemic dysentery
Shigella dysenteriae type 1
28
Bacillary dysentery can be differentiated from amebic dysentery by the presence of:
Fever
29
Drug of choice for Salmonella infections
Fluoroquinolones
30
Drug class of choice for cholera
Tetracyclines
31
Diarrhea in cholera is described as:
Rice-water stools
32
This gram-negative bacteria causes gastroenteritis commonly by ingestion of raw seafood
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
33
Trauma to the skin, especially in shellfish handlers, or by ingestion of raw shellfish can cause infection by:
Vibrio vulnificus
34
Most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis
Campylobacter jejuni
35
Drug of choice against Campylobacter jejuni
Eryhthromycin
36
Two diseases associated with antecedent Campylobacter jejuni infection
Guillain-Barre syndrome | Reiter's syndrome (reactive arthritis)
37
Bacterial cause of peptic ulcer disease
Helicobacter pylori
38
This enzyme is used by H. pylori to produce ammonia
Urease
39
Two malignancies associated with H. pylori infections
Gastric carcinoma | MALT lymphoma
40
Sputum in Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia is described as
Currant-jelly sputum
41
Most common cause of pneumonia in chronic alcoholics
Klebsiella pneumoniae
42
Beefy red ulcers with velvety surface is a symptom associated with this disease caused by Klebsiella granulomatis
Granuloma inguinale
43
Motility pattern of Proteus spp.
Swarming
44
Struvite stones, composed of magnesium-ammonium-phosphate, are caused by urinary tract infection with this organism
Proteus spp.
45
Pigment responsible for giving green-blue color to colonies of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Thiocyanine
46
Most common cause of wound infections in burn patients. Also causes hot tub folliculitis and green nail syndrome.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
47
The most common cause of malignant otitis media in diabetics, otitis externa, and chronic suppurative otitis media
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
48
Most common cause of ventilator-associated pneumonia
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
49
Histologic pattern in necrotizing pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Fleur-de-Lis
50
Drug of choice in Bacteroides infections
Metronidazole
51
Foul-smelling discharge from Bacteroides spp. are due to:
Short chain fatty acid products
52
Drug of choice in Brucella abortus infections
Doxycycline
53
Animal source of Brucella abortus
Cattle
54
Streptomycin is the drug of choice against these two zoonoses
Bubonic plague | Tularemia
55
Animal source of Francisella tularensis
Rabbits
56
Drug of choice in Pasteurella multocida infections
Penicillin
57
Animal source of Yersinia pestis
Rats
58
Etiology of bubonic plague
Yersinia pestis
59
Pseudobuboes are found in this disease entity
Granuloma inguinale
60
Buboes can be found in these two diseases:
``` Bubonic plague (Yersinia pestis) Lymphogranuloma venereum (Chlamydia spp.) ```
61
In McConkey agar, Klebsiella spp. are [fast / non- / slow] lactose fermenters
Fast lactose fermenter
62
Fast lactose-fermenting Gram-negative rods (3)
Enterobacter E. coli Klebsiella spp.
63
What is the most common cause of complicated urinary tract infections?
Escherichia coli
64
Non motile, non lactose fermenter, no gas from dextrose and non H2S producing Gram negative rod causing invasive gastrointestinal disease
Shigella spp.
65
Swarming motility, urease positive, etiologic agent of UTI causing alkaline urine
Proteus
66
Iridescent metallic sheen on EMB, positive spot indole tets, MUG positive
E. coli
67
Pinkish mucoid colonies, nonmotile, citrate and lysine decarboxylase positive
Klebsiella pneumoniae
68
E. coli subtype that causes diarrhea in infants especially in nurseries and day care centers
EPEC
69
Virulence factor associated with strains of E. coli causing meningitis
K1 antigen
70
Drug of choice for bacillary dysentery
Ciprofloxacin
71
Most common manifestation of Salmonella infections
Enterocolitis
72
Gold standard for diagnosis of typhoid fever
Bone marrow culture
73
Hemorrhagic necrosis of the skin often caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Ecthyma gangrenosum
74
Antibiotic given to reduce stool output and shedding of Vibrio sp.
Tetracycline or doxycycline
75
Preferred treatment regiment for H. pylori infection
Omeprazole + Clarithromycin + Amoxicillin
76
Factors needed for H. influenzae to grow
Factor X (hemin) and Factor V (NAD)
77
Specific capsular structure of H. influenzae
Polyribitol ribose phosphate
78
Major virulence factor of H. influenzae
Capsule
79
Causative agent of epiglottitis
Haemophilus influenzae
80
Etiologic agent of soft chancre or chancroid with ragged ulcer with marked swelling and tenderness of the lymph nodes
Haemophilus ducreyi
81
Toxins with ADP ribosylating activities, subsequently increasing CAMP activity
Cholera | Pertussis
82
Drug of choice for pertussis
Erythromycin
83
Toxicity if gonococcal infections are largely attributed to the endotoxic effect of this cell wall component
Lipooligosaccharide
84
Infection prevented by institution of Crede's prophylaxis
Ophthalmia neonatorum
85
Agent used in Crede's prophylaxis
Silver nitrate
86
Drug of choice for gonorrhea
IM ceftriaxone or oral cefixime
87
Portal of entry and site of colonization of Niesseria meningitidis
Nasopharynx
88
Diagnostic test of choice for gonorrhea
NAAT

Microbiology and Parasitology (7 decks)

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