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Gram Negative Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Describe gram negative HÁČEK organism growth and sources of infection

A

Slow growing, requires CO2
Oral cavity, mouth, intestine, bacterial endocarditis

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2
Q

What are the HÁČEK organism

A

Haemophilus, aggregatibacter, cardiobacterium, eikenella, kingella

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3
Q

How to diagnose gram negative HÁČEK infections

A

Culture

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4
Q

Treatment options for HACEK

A

Rocephin
Ampicillin/sulbactam
Zosyn

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5
Q

What is the most common bacteriocide genus found in the human intestine

A

Gram negative, obligate Bacteroids fragilis

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6
Q

What is the most common source of bacteroids fragilis

A

Colon, typically associated with abscesses and bowel adenocarcinoma

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7
Q

What is the diagnosis for bacteroids fragilis

A

Culture

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8
Q

Treatment options for bacteroids fragilis

A

Metronidazole
Zosyn

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9
Q

Name the 5 types of enterobacteriaceae

A

E. Coli
Klebsiella
Shigella
Enterobacter
Salmonella

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10
Q

Why are enterobacteriaceae difficult to kill

A

Highly virulent
MDRO
ESBL

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11
Q

Enterobacteriaceae treatment options

A

Zosyn
Aztreonam
Cipro
Cefepime

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12
Q

E. coli gram stain and shape

A

Gram negative bacilli that can produce ESBL

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13
Q

Transmission of E. Coli

A

Community acquired
GI, GU, or blood

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14
Q

E. Coli treatment options

A

Cephalosporins
Fluoroquinolone
Cabapenem if ESBL

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15
Q

Klebsiella Pneumoniae gram stain and shape

A

Gram negative bacilli anaerobic, produces ESBL

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16
Q

Klebsiella sources of infection

A

Lobar pneumonia
Liver abcess
UTI

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17
Q

How to diagnose Klebsiella

A

Culture and gram stain

18
Q

Klebsiella treatment

A

Based on susceptibility

19
Q

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa gram stain and shape

A

Gram negative rod
MDRO

20
Q

Sources of pseudomonas Aeruginosa infections and at risk patients

A

Nosocomial: UTIs, VAP, CLABI, CAUTI
At risk patients include: Cystic fibrosis, neutropenia, burns, or wound infections

21
Q

Pseudomonas diagnosis

A

Sputum culture

22
Q

Treatment options for pseudomonas

A

Zosyn, cephalosporins, monobactam, Carbopenems

23
Q

Bordetella Pertussis gram stain and shape

A

Gram negative aerobic encapsulated coccobacillus

24
Q

Transmission of Bordetella Pertussis

A

Highly communicable
Nonspecific URI

25
Diagnosis of Bordetella pertussis
Nasopharyngeal culture, PCR, or serologic assays
26
Bordetella Pertussis treatment
Azithromycin
27
What is the major cause of morbidity among sexually active individuals worldwide
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae
28
What is the 2nd most common reported communicable disease in US
Neisseria Gonorrhoae
29
Clinical findings indicative of Neisseria Gonorrhoae
Urethritis in men Cervicitis in Women Pelvic inflammatory disease Infertility Rectal in pharynx infections in MSM Endocarditis Meningitis
30
Neisseria Gonorrhoae diagnosis
Rapid gonococal screening of uretheral exudates NAAT (will not give susceptibilities)
31
Treatment of uncomplicated N. Gonorrhoae
Rocephin 250mg IM plus Azithromycin 1g po x 1 Avoid fluroquinolones
32
Treatment plan for disseminated N. Gonorrhoae
Rocephin 1 g IV pluse Azithromycin 1 gram PO until 48 hours after improvement Transition to cefixime 400mg po daily x 7 days
33
What is the most common case of syphillis in US MSM
Treponema Pallidum
34
What is the gram stain and shape of Treponema Pallidum
Gram negative spirochete
35
Transmission of Treponema Pallidum
Sexual contact, mother to fetus Unprotected sex
36
S/S of early Treponema Pallidum
Infectious stage: Primary lesions w/chancre on Penis, Labia, or anorectal region. Typically non-tender, non-purulent, and infuriated. Multiple chancre typically indicated HIV. Lymphadenopathy Vision loss Hearing loss
37
S/s of tertiary and congenital syphilis
Highly destructive and permanently disabling
38
What is the hallmark of the treponema Pallidum lesions on microscope
Abundance of spirochetes
39
Testing for Treponema Pallidum
Nontreponemal antibody testing (VDRL and RPR) most common Treponema antibody testing used to confirm
40
How often are high risk patients screened for syphillis
Q 3 months
41
Treatment of syphilis
PCN G 2.4 million units IM x1 OR Doxycycline 100mg po BID x14 days Tetracycline 500mg po QID x 14 days

Infectious Disease (14 decks)

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