Goals & Coaching Flashcards
Exploration of goals and there place within coaching.
What is the Oxford English Dictionary’s definition of a goal?
The object of a person’s ambition or effort; a destination; an aim.
Another interpretation views a goal as a boundary or limit.
How do Locke and Latham (2009) define goals?
A regulatory mechanism for monitoring, evaluating, and adjusting behavior.
Emphasizes their internal nature and role in behavior regulation.
What historical influences shaped goal-oriented behaviors?
Religious beliefs, Industrial Revolution, Benjamin Franklin’s practices.
Focused on moral actions leading to spiritual rewards and organized, goal-driven behaviors.
Who introduced the concept of Scientific Management?
Frederick Taylor.
He emphasized systematic approaches to improving productivity through goal clarity.
What does Management by Objectives (MBO) stress?
Setting specific goals to enhance organizational efficiency.
Developed by Peter Drucker (1954) and emphasizes focusing on outcomes over processes.
What are stretch goals in the context of MBO?
Goals that challenge individuals to exceed their perceived limits.
They encourage higher performance by pushing boundaries.
What critiques exist regarding MBO?
Increases managerial control, can dehumanize work experience, rigid goal-setting can distort processes.
Critics include Foucault, Brewis, Johnson, and Bröms.
What did W. Edwards Deming advocate for in management?
Pride in work, continuous improvement, focus on quality over rigid goal metrics.
He criticized management practices emphasizing numerical targets.
What are the key components of Locke and Latham’s Goal Setting Theory?
Goals should be specific and challenging, supported by feedback, commitment, and task complexity.
High-Performance Cycle describes how these elements contribute to performance improvements.
What does Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs suggest about goals?
Goals arise from deficiency and growth needs.
Deficiency needs include safety and belonging; growth needs include self-actualization.
What is the Theory of Reasoned Action (Fishbein & Ajzen)?
Behavior is influenced by attitudes and subjective norms, emphasizing the role of intention.
Highlights how intentions guide actions.
What does Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura) emphasize?
Self-efficacy and the role of psychological rewards in sustaining goal-directed behavior.
It focuses on how beliefs about oneself affect motivation.
What is the purpose of feedback in goal pursuit?
Crucial for refining goal strategies.
Individuals with learning orientations are more receptive to feedback.
What are performance goals?
Aim to demonstrate competence and achieve external validation.
These goals focus on comparison with others.
What are mastery goals?
Focus on personal growth and competence development.
Research suggests that mastery-oriented individuals are more resilient.
What emerging research emphasizes the importance of forming ‘if-then’ plans?
Gollwitzer’s research on Implementation Intentions.
Helps bridge the gap between intention and action.
What role does interrogative self-talk play in goal commitment?
Encourages introspective questioning that fosters intrinsic motivation.
Example: Questions like ‘Will I?’ promote stronger commitment.
What is goal alignment?
Importance of aligning personal and organizational goals for coherent outcomes.
Ensures sustainable progress and success.
What implications does goal-oriented coaching have?
Encouraging reflective practices, balancing personal development with organizational objectives, awareness of social implications.
Promotes mastery orientations for long-term growth.
What has the study of goals evolved from?
From philosophical and religious origins to a scientifically nuanced field.
It informs coaching and mentoring practices.
