Glycolysis Flashcards
What are the two types of respiration?
Aerobic and anaerobic
Glycolysis is the first stage in what process?
Respiration
What does aerobic respiration produce?
Carbon dioxide, water and ATP
What are the products of anaerobic respiration?
Lactate (in animals) or ethanol and carbon dioxide (in plants) and a little ATP in both
Outline the process of glycolysis
6-carbon glucose molecules are split into two 3-carbon pyruvate molecules
Where does glycolysis take place?
The cytoplasm of all living cells
How many stages is glycolysis grouped in to?
4
What is the first stage of glycolysis?
Activation of glucose by phosphorylation
Before glucose is split in 2, it must first be made more reactive. How is this done?
Through the addition of 2 phosphate molecules (phosphorylation)
Where do the phosphate molecules come from?
The hydrolysis of 2 ATP molecules to ADP which provides the energy to activate glucose (lowers the activation energy for the enzyme controlled reactions that follow)
What is involved the second stage of glycolysis?
The splitting of the phosphorylated glucose
What are the glucose molecules split into?
Triose phosphate
What is the third stage of glycolysis?
The oxidation of triose phosphate
What is removed from each of the 2 triose molecules, and where is it transferred?
Hydrogen is removed and transferred to a hydrogen-carrier molecule known as NAD to form reduced NAD
What is the fourth and final stage of glycolysis?
The production of ATP
