Energy and ATP Flashcards
Define energy
The ability to do work
What do organisms need energy for?
Metabolism, Movement, Active transport, Maintenance of body temperature
The flow of energy through living systems occurs of 3 stages. What are they?
Light energy from the sun is converted by plants into chemical energy during photosynthesis, The chemical energy in the form of organic molecules is converted into ATP during respiration, ATP is used by cells to perform useful work
How many phosphate groups does ATP have?
3
What makes ATP an effective energy source?
The bonds between the phosphate groups are unstable and so have a low activation energy, which means they are easily broken
What happens when the bonds between phosphate groups are broken?
Energy is released
Water is used in the conversion of ATP to ADP. What type of reaction is this?
Hydrolysis
The synthesis of ATP from ADP involves the addition of a phosphate molecule to ADP which occurs in 3 ways. What are they?
Photophosphorylation, Oxidative phosphorylation, Substrate-level phosphorylation
Where does photophosphorylation occur?
Chlorophyll containing plant cells during photosynthesis
Where does oxidative phosphorylation take place?
The mitochondria of plant and animal cells during the process of electron transport
Where does substrate-level phosphorylation occur?
Occurs in plant and animal cells when phosphate groups are transferred from donor molecules to ADP to make ATP
In which 2 types of phosphorylation is ATP synthesised using energy released during the transfer of electrons along a chain of electron carrier molecules?
Photophosphorylation and Oxidative phosphorylation
Why is ATP not a good long-term energy store, but a good immediate energy source?
Because of the instability of its phosphate bonds
Why ATP a better energy source than glucose?
Releases small but manageable quantities of energy, Broken down in one reaction, Can be quickly reproduced and it is an immediate energy source
