Glycogen Metabolism

Question 1

is a readily mobilized storage form of glucose. It is a large, branched chain of glucose molecules that can be broken down to release glucose for energy.

Answer 1

Glycogen

Question 2

The majority of glucose units are connected by?

Answer 2

α-1,4-glycosidic bonds

Question 3

The majority of glucose units are connected by α-1,4-glycosidic bonds, with branches occurring roughly every tenth unit through?

Answer 3

α-1,6-glycosidic bonds

Question 4

is not as reduced as fatty acids and is not as energy-rich

Answer 4

Glycogen

Question 5

major part sites of glycogenolysis

Answer 5

Liver and muscle

Question 6

all the enzymes concerned with glycogenolysis are present in cytosol.

Answer 6

Cytosol

Question 7

this enzyme will decide the rate of glycogenolysis.

Answer 7

Glycogen phosphorylase

Question 8

Resting muscle contains how many grams of glycogen?

Answer 8

400g

Question 9

is the formation of glycogen when glucose supplies exceed the cellular need for ATP synthesis

Answer 9

glycogenesis

Question 10

is the source of all the glucosyl residues that are added to the growing glycogen molecule

Answer 10

UDP-glucose

Question 11

4 Main Step in Glycogen Synthesis:

Answer 11

1. Attaching uridine diphosphate (UDP) to glucose
2. Attaching glucose to glycogenin (serves as primer)
3. Adding more glucose
4. Adding more branches

Question 12

Glycogen synthase cannot start glycogen synthesis without a?

Answer 12

primer

Question 13

a protein acting as a primer, auto glycosylated to form a short glucosyl chain, enabling glycogen synthesis.

Answer 13

Glycogenin

Question 14

Glycogen synthase elongates?

Answer 14

glycogen chains

Question 15

Branches in glycogen are formed by the branching enzyme, which transfers chains of glucosyl residues from the nonreducing end of the glycogen chain to a non-terminal glucosyl residue, creating a?

Answer 15

highly branched structure of glycogen

Question 16

Glycogen Breakdown, also known as?

Answer 16

glycogenolysis

Question 17

is a metabolic process initiated by the body when there is a demand for glucose that typically occurs during fasting periods or intense physical activity such as exercise

Answer 17

glycogenolysis

Question 18

Known as the central player that catalyzes the phosphorolytic cleavage of glycogen to release glucose 1-phosphate it is a key intermediate in glucose metabolism.

Answer 18

Glycogen Phosphorylase

Question 19

Essential enzyme that relies on pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) that is a derivative of Vitamin B6 to cleave glycogen.

Answer 19

Phosphorylase

Question 20

can be readily converted into glucose 9-phosphate. an essential metabolite in cellular energy.

Answer 20

Glucose 1-phosphate

Question 21

moves a block of three glycosyl residues from one outer branch to the other, exposing a glucose residue linked by an α-1,6-glycosidic bond.

Answer 21

transferase

Question 22

hydrolyzes the bond, freeing a glucose molecule.

Answer 22

α-1,6-glucosidase or debranching enzyme

Question 23

This free glucose is then phosphorylated by?, converting the branched structure into a linear one, which can be further cleaved by phosphorylase

Answer 23

hexokinase