Coenzymes In Metabolism

Question 1

is the process by which the body converts food into energy

Answer 1

Metabolism

Question 2

Coenzymes are molecules that play a crucial role in various biochemical reactions in the body. They work with enzymes to facilitate and regulate metabolic processes.

Answer 2

Coenzymes

Question 3

act as cofactors, assisting enzymes in catalyzing reactions by providing necessary functional groups or transferring chemical groups between molecules.

Answer 3

Coenzymes

Question 4

are important molecules in metabolism due to their role in facilitating enzyme activity, participating in metabolic pathways, and acting as carriers of chemical groups.

Answer 4

Coenzymes

Question 5

The 4 important coenzymes in metabolism are:

Answer 5

• THIAMINE PYROPHOSPHATE
• NAD AND NADH
• FADH2 AND FAD
• COENZYME A AND COENZYME Q

Question 6

Is a coenzyme derived from vitamin B1 that plays a crucial role in various metabolic pathways in the human body. This coenzyme is essential for the proper functioning of enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, particularly in the citric acid cycle and the pentose phosphate pathway.

Answer 6

Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)

Question 7

One of the primary functions of TPP is its role as a cofactor for enzymes involved in the citric acid cycle, also known as the?

Answer 7

Krebs cycle

Question 8

This cycle is a central pathway in cellular respiration, where acetyl-CoA is oxidized to produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell. TPP is required for the activity of the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase, which converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, a key step in the citric acid cycle.

Answer 8

Krebs cycle

Question 9

a metabolic pathway that generates NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate, essential for nucleotide synthesis and antioxidant defense.

Answer 9

pentose phosphate pathway

Question 10

which is involved in this pentose phosphate pathway, requires TPP as a cofactor to transfer two-carbon units between sugars.

Answer 10

transketolase

Question 11

TPP is involved in the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids, such as?

Answer 11

valine, leucine, and isoleucine

Question 12

catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of valine, leucine, and isoleucine

Answer 12

alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex

Question 13

which is part of the alpha-ketoglutarate complex, requires TPP as a cofactor for the conversion of alpha-ketoglutarate to succinyl-CoA.

Answer 13

alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

Question 14

is one of the most abundant molecule in the body.

Answer 14

NAD (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide)

Question 15

is involved in accepting and carrying electrons

Answer 15

NAD+

Question 16

is the form that donates electrons to fuel various biochemical reactions in the cell.

Answer 16

NADH

Question 17

NAD participates in reactions that involve the transfer of?

Answer 17

electrons

Question 18

NAD+ functions as an?

Answer 18

electron carrier

Question 19

it facilitates the transfer of electrons and hydrogen ions to generate ATP, the primary energy currency of the cell.

Answer 19

NADH

Question 20

During the oxidation of fuel molecules like glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids, NAD+ acts as an?

Answer 20

electron acceptor

Question 21

is a critical component that facilitates electron transfer processes within the cell.

Answer 21

The nicotinamide ring in NADH

Question 22

this ring is essential for accepting and transferring electrons during oxidation reactions, enabling the flow of electrons and supporting vital metabolic reactions.

Answer 22

nicotinamide ring

Question 23

NAD+ is a biological molecule composed of?

Answer 23

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus atoms

Question 24

The formation of NAD involves a series of biochemical reactions known as the?

Answer 24

NAD biosynthesis pathway

Question 25

In this pathway, NAD is synthesized from simple compounds such as amino acids, tryptophan, and aspartic acid. The de novo pathway involves multiple enzymatic reactions that ultimately lead to the formation of NAD+

Answer 25

De Novo Pathway

Question 26

involves the recycling of nicotinamide, a breakdown product of NAD, to regenerate NAD. In this pathway, nicotinamide is converted back to NAD through a series of enzymatic reactions

Answer 26

salvage pathway

Question 27

FAD is derived from riboflavin, also known as?

Answer 27

vitamin B2

Question 28

which is an essential nutrient for plants and animals alike. It is usually found in chickens, meat , and poultry products

Answer 28

FAD

Question 29

The reduced form of the coenzymes NAD+ and FAD acts as a?

Answer 29

redox carrier

Question 30

formed during earlier stages of cellular respiration like the Krebs cycle, donates its electrons to the electron transport chain (ETC) in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Answer 30

FADH2

Question 31

is involved in the transfer of acyl groups in numerous metabolic reactions making it essential for energy production and the synthesis of important molecules.

Answer 31

COENZYME A

Question 32

Its main function is to convey the carbon atoms within the acetyl group to the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) to be oxidized for energy production.

Answer 32

COENZYME A IN CITRIC ACID

Question 33

it play a crucial role in the breakdown of fatty acid through a process known as beta-oxidation.

Answer 33

Coenzyme A in FATTY ACID METABOLISM

Question 34

also known as ubiquinone, derivative with long isoprenoid tail

Answer 34

COENZYME Q

Question 35

COENZYME Q also known as

Answer 35

ubiquinone